Abstract
The history of childhood assessment began with the development of intelligence testing. Mental health-based assessments followed soon after; however, researchers found that the rates of child and adolescent psychopathology varied based on the scale used. To mitigate this issue, researchers and clinicians focused on using multiple measures of assessment across multiple informants. Other formal methods of assessment including structured interviews, observation, and checklists were also developed to aid in the assessment process. The development of assessment methods with accepted norms, reliability, and validity enhanced the standardization of the diagnostic process and played an important role in differential diagnosis. In this chapter, an overview of the methods of assessment, areas of assessment, and the implications of assessment on diagnosis are discussed in detail.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Achenbach, T. M. (1980). DSM-III in light of empirical research on the classification of child psychopathology. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 19, 395–412.
Achenbach, T. M., & Edelbrock, C. S. (1981). Behavioral problems and competencies reported by parents of normal and disturbed children aged four through sixteen. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 46, 1–82.
Achenbach, T. M., & Edelbrock, C. S. (1983). Manual for the child behavior checklist and revised child behavior profile. Burlington, VT: University Associates in Psychiatry.
Achenbach, T. M., & Edelbrock, C. S. (1986). Manual for the Teacher’s report from and teacher version of the child behavior profile. Burlington, VT: University Associates in Psychiatry.
Aman, M. G., Tasse, M. J., Rojahn, J., & Hammer, D. (1996). The Nisonger CBRF: A child behavior rating form for children with developmental disabilities. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 17, 41–57.
American Psychiatric Association. (1968). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (2nd ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
American Psychiatric Association. (1980). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (3rd ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
American Psychiatric Association. (1987). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (3rd ed., rev.). Washington, DC: Author.
American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
Angold, A., Prendergast, M., Cox, A., & Harrington, R. (1995). The child and adolescent psychiatric assessment (CAPA). Psychological Medicine, 24, 739–753.
Bidaut-Russell, M., Reich, W., Cottler, L. B., Robins, L. N., Compton, W. M., & Mattison, R. E. (1995). The diagnostic interview schedule for children (PC-DISC v.3.0): Parents and adolescents suggest reasons for expecting discrepant answers. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 23, 641–659.
Bird, H. R., Gould, M. S., Rubio-Stipec, M., Staghezza, B. M., & Canino, G. (1991). Screening for childhood psychopathology in the community using the child behavior checklist. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 30, 116–123.
Bird, H. R., Yager, T. J., Staghezza, B., Gould, M. S., Canino, G., & Rubio-Stipec, M. (1990). Impairment in the epidemiological measurement of childhood psychopathology in the community. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 29, 796–803.
Birmaher, B., Ehmann, M., Axelson, D. A., Goldstein, B. I., Monk, K., Kalas, C., … Brend, D. A. (2009). Schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia for school age children (K-SADS-PL) for the assessment of preschool children - a preliminary psychometric study. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 43, 680–686.
Birmaher, B., Khetarpal, S., Brent, D., Cully, M., Balach, L., Kaufman, J., & Neer, S. M. (1997). The screen for child anxiety related emotional disorders (SCARED): Scale construction and psychometric characteristics. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 36, 545–553.
Borowitz, K. C., & Borowitz, S. M. (2018). Feeding problems in infants and children: Assessment and etiology. Pediatric Clinics of North America, 65, 59–72.
Bruce, B., & Fries, J. F. (2003). The Stanford health assessment questionnaire: A review of its history, issues, progress, and documentation. The Journal of Rheumatology, 30, 167–178.
Buell, J., Stoddard, P., Harris, F. R., & Baer, D. M. (1968). Collateral social development accompanying reinforcement of outdoor play in a preschool child. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1, 167–173.
Cantwell, D. P. (1996). Classification of child and adolescent psychopathology. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 37, 3–12.
Chambers, W. J., Puig-Antich, J., Hirsch, M., Paez, P., Ambrosini, P. J., Tabrizi, M. A., & Davies, M. (1985). The assessment of affective disorders in children and adolescents by semistructured interview: Test-retest reliability of the schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia for school-aged children, present episode version. Archives of General Psychiatry, 42, 696–702.
Chorpita, B. F., Moffitt, C. E., & Gray, J. (2005). Psychometric properties of the revised child anxiety and depression scale in a clinical sample. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 43, 309–322.
Conners, C. (1995). Conners’ rating scales. Toronto, CA: Multi-Health Systems.
Costello, A., Edelbrock, C., Kalas, R., Kessler, M., & Klaric, S. A. (1982). Diagnostic interview schedule for children (DISC). Bethesda, MD: National Institute of Mental Health.
De Los Reyes, A., & Kazdin, A. E. (2005). Informant discrepancies in the assessment of childhood psychopathology: A critical review, theoretical framework, and recommendations for further study. Psychological Bulletin, 131, 483–509.
Dugan, E., Kamps, D., Leonard, B., Watkins, N., Rheinberger, A., & Stackhaus, J. (1995). Effects of cooperative learning groups during social studies for students with autism and fourth-grade peers. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 28, 175–188.
Dutra, L., Campbell, L., & Westen, D. (2004). Quantifying clinical judgment in the assessment of adolescent psychopathology: Reliability, validity, and factor structure of the child behavior checklist for clinical report. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 60, 65–85.
Helsel, W. J., & Matson, J. L. (1984). The assessment of depression in children: The internal structure of the child depression inventory (CDI). Behaviour Research and Therapy, 22, 289–298.
Herjanic, B., & Reich, W. (1982). Development of a structured psychiatric interview for children: Agreement between child and parent on individual symptoms. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 10, 307–324.
Hodges, K. (1993). Structured interviews for assessing children. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 34, 49–68.
Hodges, K., McKnew, D., Cytryn, L., Stern, L., & Kline, J. (1982). The child assessment schedule (CAS) diagnostic interview: A report on reliability and validity. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 21, 468–473.
Jensen, P. S., Traylor, J., Xenakis, S. N., & Davis, H. (1998). Child psychopathology rating scales and interrater agreement: I. Parents’ gender and psychiatric symptoms. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 27, 442–450.
Jensen, P. S., & Watanabe, H. (1999). Sherlock Holmes and child psychopathology assessment approaches: The case of the false-positive. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 38, 138–146.
Jensen, P. S., Watanabe, H. K., Richters, J. E., Roper, M., Hibbs, E. D., Salzberg, A. D., & Liu, S. (1996). Scales, diagnoses, and child psychopathology: II. Comparing the CBCL and the DISC against external validators. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 24, 151–168.
Kerr, D. C. R., Lunkenheimer, E. S., & Olson, S. L. (2007). Assessment of child problem behaviors by multiple informants: A longitudinal study from preschool to school entry. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 48, 967–975.
Kovacs, M. (1985). The interview schedule for children (ISC). Psychopharmacology Bulletin, 21, 991–994.
Kovacs, M., & Beck, A. T. (1997). An empirical-clinical approach towards a definition of childhood depression. In J. G. Schulterbrandt & A. Raskin (Eds.), Depression in childhood: Diagnosis, treatment, and conceptual models (pp. 1–25). New York, NY: Raven Press.
Langley, A. K., Bergman, L., McCracken, J., & Piacentini, J. C. (2004). Impairment in childhood anxiety disorders: Preliminary examination of the child anxiety impact scale- parent version. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 14, 105–115.
Loeber, R., Green, S. M., & Lahey, B. B. (1990). Mental health professionals’ perception of the utility of children, mothers, and teachers as informants on childhood psychopathology. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 19, 136–143.
Long, A. (1941). Parents’ reports of undesirable behavior in children. Child Development, 12, 43–62.
Magee, S. K., & Ellis, J. (2000). Extinction effects during the assessment of multiple problem behaviors. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 33, 313–316.
Malhotra, S., Varma, V. K., Verma, S. K., & Malhotra, A. (1998). Childhood psychopathology measurement schedule: Development and standardization. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 30, 325–331.
Marcus, B. A., & Vollmer, T. R. (1995). Effects of differential negative reinforcement on disruption and compliance. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 28, 229–230.
Matson, J. L., & Nebel-Schwalm, M. S. (2007). Comorbid psychopathology with autism spectrum disorder in children: An overview. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 28, 341–352.
Mattos, R. L. (1968). A manual counter for recording multiple behavior. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1, 130.
Meenan, R. F., Gertman, P. M., Mason, J. H., & Dunaif, R. (1982). The arthritis impact measurement scales: Further investigations of a health status measure. Arthritis and Rheumatism, 25, 1048–1053.
Meyer, G. J., Finn, S. E., Eyde, L. D., Kay, G. G., Moreland, K. L., Dies, R. R., & Reed, G. M. (2001). Psychological testing and psychological assessment: A review of evidence and issues. American Psychologist, 56, 128–165.
Mezzich, A. C., Mezzich, J. E., & Coffman, G. A. (1985). Reliability of DSM-III vs. DSM-II in child psychopathology. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 24, 273–280.
Phares, V., & Compas, B. E. (1992). The role of fathers in child and adolescent psychopathology: Make room for daddy. Psychological Bulletin, 111, 387–412.
Puig-Antich, J., & Chambers, W. (1978). The schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia for school-age children (kiddie-SADS). New York, NY: New York State Psychiatric Institute.
Reich, W. (2000). Diagnostic interview for children and adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 39, 59–66.
Reich, W., Herjanic, B., Welner, Z., & Grandhy, P. R. (1982). Development of a structured psychiatric interview for children: Agreement on diagnosis comparing child and parent interviews. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 10, 325–336.
Reynolds, W. M., Anderson, G., & Bartell, N. (1985). Measuring depression in children: A multimethod assessment investigation. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 13, 513–526.
Roberts, R. E., Attkisson, C. C., & Rosenblatt, A. (1998). Prevalence of psychopathology among children and adolescents. American Journal of Psychiatry, 155, 715–725.
Shaffer, D., Fisher, P., Lucas, C. P., Dulcan, M. K., & Schwab-Stone, M. E. (2000). NIMH diagnostic interview schedule for children version IV (NIMH DISC-IV): Description, differences from previous versions, and reliability of some common diagnoses. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 39, 28–38.
Sherrill, J. T., & Kovacs, M. (2000). Interview schedule for children and adolescents (ISCA). Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 39, 67–75.
Silverman, W. K., & Nelles, W. B. (1988). The anxiety disorders interview schedule for children. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 27, 772–778.
Steinhausen, H. C. (1987). Global assessment of child psychopathology. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 26, 203–206.
Swanson, J. M., Schuck, S., Porter, M. M., Carlson, C., Hartman, C. A., Sergeant, J. A., … Wigal, T. (2012). Categorical and dimensional definitions and evaluations of symptoms of ADHD: History of the SNAP and the SWAN rating scales. International Journal of Educational and Psychological Assessment, 10, 51–70.
Thomas, D. R., Becker, W. C., & Armstrong, M. (1968). Production and elimination of disruptive classroom behavior by systematically varying teacher’s behavior. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1, 35–45.
Verhulst, F. C., & Achenbach, T. M. (1995). Empirically based assessment and taxonomy of psychopathology: Cross-cultural applications. A review. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 4, 61–76.
Verhulst, F. C., & van der Ende, J. (1991). Assessment of child psychopathology: Relationships between different methods, different informants and clinical judgment of severity. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 84, 155–159.
Wickman, E. K. (1928). Children’s behavior and teachers’ attitudes. New York, NY: Commonwealth Fund.
Wood, J. J., Piacentini, J. C., Bergman, R. L., McCracken, J., & Barrios, V. (2002). Concurrent validity of the anxiety section of the anxiety disorders interview schedule for DSM-IV: Child and parent versions. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 31(335), 342.
Worthy, R. C. (1968). A miniature, portable timer and audible signal-generating device. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1, 159–160.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Matson, J.L., Hong, E. (2018). History and Overview of Childhood Assessment. In: Matson, J. (eds) Handbook of Childhood Psychopathology and Developmental Disabilities Assessment . Autism and Child Psychopathology Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93542-3_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93542-3_1
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-93541-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-93542-3
eBook Packages: Behavioral Science and PsychologyBehavioral Science and Psychology (R0)