Skip to main content

Part of the book series: Autism and Child Psychopathology Series ((ACPS))

  • 2319 Accesses

Abstract

The history of childhood assessment began with the development of intelligence testing. Mental health-based assessments followed soon after; however, researchers found that the rates of child and adolescent psychopathology varied based on the scale used. To mitigate this issue, researchers and clinicians focused on using multiple measures of assessment across multiple informants. Other formal methods of assessment including structured interviews, observation, and checklists were also developed to aid in the assessment process. The development of assessment methods with accepted norms, reliability, and validity enhanced the standardization of the diagnostic process and played an important role in differential diagnosis. In this chapter, an overview of the methods of assessment, areas of assessment, and the implications of assessment on diagnosis are discussed in detail.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 219.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 279.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 279.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Achenbach, T. M. (1980). DSM-III in light of empirical research on the classification of child psychopathology. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 19, 395–412.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Achenbach, T. M., & Edelbrock, C. S. (1981). Behavioral problems and competencies reported by parents of normal and disturbed children aged four through sixteen. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 46, 1–82.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Achenbach, T. M., & Edelbrock, C. S. (1983). Manual for the child behavior checklist and revised child behavior profile. Burlington, VT: University Associates in Psychiatry.

    Google Scholar 

  • Achenbach, T. M., & Edelbrock, C. S. (1986). Manual for the Teacher’s report from and teacher version of the child behavior profile. Burlington, VT: University Associates in Psychiatry.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aman, M. G., Tasse, M. J., Rojahn, J., & Hammer, D. (1996). The Nisonger CBRF: A child behavior rating form for children with developmental disabilities. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 17, 41–57.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • American Psychiatric Association. (1968). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (2nd ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • American Psychiatric Association. (1980). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (3rd ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • American Psychiatric Association. (1987). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (3rd ed., rev.). Washington, DC: Author.

    Google Scholar 

  • American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Angold, A., Prendergast, M., Cox, A., & Harrington, R. (1995). The child and adolescent psychiatric assessment (CAPA). Psychological Medicine, 24, 739–753.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bidaut-Russell, M., Reich, W., Cottler, L. B., Robins, L. N., Compton, W. M., & Mattison, R. E. (1995). The diagnostic interview schedule for children (PC-DISC v.3.0): Parents and adolescents suggest reasons for expecting discrepant answers. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 23, 641–659.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bird, H. R., Gould, M. S., Rubio-Stipec, M., Staghezza, B. M., & Canino, G. (1991). Screening for childhood psychopathology in the community using the child behavior checklist. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 30, 116–123.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bird, H. R., Yager, T. J., Staghezza, B., Gould, M. S., Canino, G., & Rubio-Stipec, M. (1990). Impairment in the epidemiological measurement of childhood psychopathology in the community. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 29, 796–803.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Birmaher, B., Ehmann, M., Axelson, D. A., Goldstein, B. I., Monk, K., Kalas, C., … Brend, D. A. (2009). Schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia for school age children (K-SADS-PL) for the assessment of preschool children - a preliminary psychometric study. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 43, 680–686.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Birmaher, B., Khetarpal, S., Brent, D., Cully, M., Balach, L., Kaufman, J., & Neer, S. M. (1997). The screen for child anxiety related emotional disorders (SCARED): Scale construction and psychometric characteristics. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 36, 545–553.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Borowitz, K. C., & Borowitz, S. M. (2018). Feeding problems in infants and children: Assessment and etiology. Pediatric Clinics of North America, 65, 59–72.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bruce, B., & Fries, J. F. (2003). The Stanford health assessment questionnaire: A review of its history, issues, progress, and documentation. The Journal of Rheumatology, 30, 167–178.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Buell, J., Stoddard, P., Harris, F. R., & Baer, D. M. (1968). Collateral social development accompanying reinforcement of outdoor play in a preschool child. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1, 167–173.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cantwell, D. P. (1996). Classification of child and adolescent psychopathology. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 37, 3–12.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chambers, W. J., Puig-Antich, J., Hirsch, M., Paez, P., Ambrosini, P. J., Tabrizi, M. A., & Davies, M. (1985). The assessment of affective disorders in children and adolescents by semistructured interview: Test-retest reliability of the schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia for school-aged children, present episode version. Archives of General Psychiatry, 42, 696–702.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chorpita, B. F., Moffitt, C. E., & Gray, J. (2005). Psychometric properties of the revised child anxiety and depression scale in a clinical sample. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 43, 309–322.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Conners, C. (1995). Conners’ rating scales. Toronto, CA: Multi-Health Systems.

    Google Scholar 

  • Costello, A., Edelbrock, C., Kalas, R., Kessler, M., & Klaric, S. A. (1982). Diagnostic interview schedule for children (DISC). Bethesda, MD: National Institute of Mental Health.

    Google Scholar 

  • De Los Reyes, A., & Kazdin, A. E. (2005). Informant discrepancies in the assessment of childhood psychopathology: A critical review, theoretical framework, and recommendations for further study. Psychological Bulletin, 131, 483–509.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dugan, E., Kamps, D., Leonard, B., Watkins, N., Rheinberger, A., & Stackhaus, J. (1995). Effects of cooperative learning groups during social studies for students with autism and fourth-grade peers. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 28, 175–188.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dutra, L., Campbell, L., & Westen, D. (2004). Quantifying clinical judgment in the assessment of adolescent psychopathology: Reliability, validity, and factor structure of the child behavior checklist for clinical report. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 60, 65–85.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Helsel, W. J., & Matson, J. L. (1984). The assessment of depression in children: The internal structure of the child depression inventory (CDI). Behaviour Research and Therapy, 22, 289–298.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Herjanic, B., & Reich, W. (1982). Development of a structured psychiatric interview for children: Agreement between child and parent on individual symptoms. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 10, 307–324.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hodges, K. (1993). Structured interviews for assessing children. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 34, 49–68.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hodges, K., McKnew, D., Cytryn, L., Stern, L., & Kline, J. (1982). The child assessment schedule (CAS) diagnostic interview: A report on reliability and validity. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 21, 468–473.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jensen, P. S., Traylor, J., Xenakis, S. N., & Davis, H. (1998). Child psychopathology rating scales and interrater agreement: I. Parents’ gender and psychiatric symptoms. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 27, 442–450.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jensen, P. S., & Watanabe, H. (1999). Sherlock Holmes and child psychopathology assessment approaches: The case of the false-positive. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 38, 138–146.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jensen, P. S., Watanabe, H. K., Richters, J. E., Roper, M., Hibbs, E. D., Salzberg, A. D., & Liu, S. (1996). Scales, diagnoses, and child psychopathology: II. Comparing the CBCL and the DISC against external validators. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 24, 151–168.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kerr, D. C. R., Lunkenheimer, E. S., & Olson, S. L. (2007). Assessment of child problem behaviors by multiple informants: A longitudinal study from preschool to school entry. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 48, 967–975.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kovacs, M. (1985). The interview schedule for children (ISC). Psychopharmacology Bulletin, 21, 991–994.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kovacs, M., & Beck, A. T. (1997). An empirical-clinical approach towards a definition of childhood depression. In J. G. Schulterbrandt & A. Raskin (Eds.), Depression in childhood: Diagnosis, treatment, and conceptual models (pp. 1–25). New York, NY: Raven Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Langley, A. K., Bergman, L., McCracken, J., & Piacentini, J. C. (2004). Impairment in childhood anxiety disorders: Preliminary examination of the child anxiety impact scale- parent version. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 14, 105–115.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Loeber, R., Green, S. M., & Lahey, B. B. (1990). Mental health professionals’ perception of the utility of children, mothers, and teachers as informants on childhood psychopathology. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 19, 136–143.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Long, A. (1941). Parents’ reports of undesirable behavior in children. Child Development, 12, 43–62.

    Google Scholar 

  • Magee, S. K., & Ellis, J. (2000). Extinction effects during the assessment of multiple problem behaviors. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 33, 313–316.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Malhotra, S., Varma, V. K., Verma, S. K., & Malhotra, A. (1998). Childhood psychopathology measurement schedule: Development and standardization. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 30, 325–331.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marcus, B. A., & Vollmer, T. R. (1995). Effects of differential negative reinforcement on disruption and compliance. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 28, 229–230.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Matson, J. L., & Nebel-Schwalm, M. S. (2007). Comorbid psychopathology with autism spectrum disorder in children: An overview. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 28, 341–352.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mattos, R. L. (1968). A manual counter for recording multiple behavior. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1, 130.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meenan, R. F., Gertman, P. M., Mason, J. H., & Dunaif, R. (1982). The arthritis impact measurement scales: Further investigations of a health status measure. Arthritis and Rheumatism, 25, 1048–1053.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meyer, G. J., Finn, S. E., Eyde, L. D., Kay, G. G., Moreland, K. L., Dies, R. R., & Reed, G. M. (2001). Psychological testing and psychological assessment: A review of evidence and issues. American Psychologist, 56, 128–165.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mezzich, A. C., Mezzich, J. E., & Coffman, G. A. (1985). Reliability of DSM-III vs. DSM-II in child psychopathology. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 24, 273–280.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Phares, V., & Compas, B. E. (1992). The role of fathers in child and adolescent psychopathology: Make room for daddy. Psychological Bulletin, 111, 387–412.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Puig-Antich, J., & Chambers, W. (1978). The schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia for school-age children (kiddie-SADS). New York, NY: New York State Psychiatric Institute.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reich, W. (2000). Diagnostic interview for children and adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 39, 59–66.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reich, W., Herjanic, B., Welner, Z., & Grandhy, P. R. (1982). Development of a structured psychiatric interview for children: Agreement on diagnosis comparing child and parent interviews. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 10, 325–336.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reynolds, W. M., Anderson, G., & Bartell, N. (1985). Measuring depression in children: A multimethod assessment investigation. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 13, 513–526.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roberts, R. E., Attkisson, C. C., & Rosenblatt, A. (1998). Prevalence of psychopathology among children and adolescents. American Journal of Psychiatry, 155, 715–725.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shaffer, D., Fisher, P., Lucas, C. P., Dulcan, M. K., & Schwab-Stone, M. E. (2000). NIMH diagnostic interview schedule for children version IV (NIMH DISC-IV): Description, differences from previous versions, and reliability of some common diagnoses. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 39, 28–38.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sherrill, J. T., & Kovacs, M. (2000). Interview schedule for children and adolescents (ISCA). Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 39, 67–75.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Silverman, W. K., & Nelles, W. B. (1988). The anxiety disorders interview schedule for children. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 27, 772–778.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Steinhausen, H. C. (1987). Global assessment of child psychopathology. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 26, 203–206.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Swanson, J. M., Schuck, S., Porter, M. M., Carlson, C., Hartman, C. A., Sergeant, J. A., … Wigal, T. (2012). Categorical and dimensional definitions and evaluations of symptoms of ADHD: History of the SNAP and the SWAN rating scales. International Journal of Educational and Psychological Assessment, 10, 51–70.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thomas, D. R., Becker, W. C., & Armstrong, M. (1968). Production and elimination of disruptive classroom behavior by systematically varying teacher’s behavior. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1, 35–45.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Verhulst, F. C., & Achenbach, T. M. (1995). Empirically based assessment and taxonomy of psychopathology: Cross-cultural applications. A review. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 4, 61–76.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Verhulst, F. C., & van der Ende, J. (1991). Assessment of child psychopathology: Relationships between different methods, different informants and clinical judgment of severity. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 84, 155–159.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wickman, E. K. (1928). Children’s behavior and teachers’ attitudes. New York, NY: Commonwealth Fund.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wood, J. J., Piacentini, J. C., Bergman, R. L., McCracken, J., & Barrios, V. (2002). Concurrent validity of the anxiety section of the anxiety disorders interview schedule for DSM-IV: Child and parent versions. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 31(335), 342.

    Google Scholar 

  • Worthy, R. C. (1968). A miniature, portable timer and audible signal-generating device. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 1, 159–160.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Esther Hong .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Matson, J.L., Hong, E. (2018). History and Overview of Childhood Assessment. In: Matson, J. (eds) Handbook of Childhood Psychopathology and Developmental Disabilities Assessment . Autism and Child Psychopathology Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93542-3_1

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics