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Kidney Transplantation and Diabetic Nephropathy

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Diabetic Nephropathy

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Abstract

Posttransplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) has some unique features discerning it from type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In general, PTDM fluctuates often in time and is strongly influenced by immunosuppressive drugs, and its treatment can result in drug-drug interactions. The diagnosis of PTDM can only reliably be made in renal transplant recipients in a stable phase on maintenance immunosuppression. The mechanism of PTDM is both pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance. Several risk factors contribute to the enhanced susceptibility of PTDM, among others genetic variation. Histological changes resemble those seen in diabetic nephropathy of the native kidneys; however they are often mixed with histological signs of other entities such as rejection, viral infection, or calcineurin inhibitor toxicity. Control of hyperglycemia attenuates histological abnormalities. Treatment of PTDM starts with lifestyle modifications and weight control followed by antidiabetic drugs. Metformin is safe in patients with an eGFR over 30 ml/min and probably also in patients with an eGFR between 15 and 30 ml/min. The optimal second drug needs to be explored. Promising are SGLT2 inhibitors and DPP-4 inhibitors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Jesper Kers

  2. Department of Internal Medicine, Renal Transplant Unit, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Frederike J. Bemelman

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  1. Jesper Kers
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  2. Frederike J. Bemelman
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Correspondence to Jesper Kers or Frederike J. Bemelman .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Joris J. Roelofs

  2. Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Liffert Vogt

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Kers, J., Bemelman, F.J. (2019). Kidney Transplantation and Diabetic Nephropathy. In: Roelofs, J., Vogt, L. (eds) Diabetic Nephropathy. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93521-8_26

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