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Valvular Heart Disease

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Cardiovascular Complications in Cancer Therapy

Part of the book series: Current Clinical Pathology ((CCPATH))

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Abstract

Valvular heart diseases (VHD) may be observed in patients with cancer for several reasons, including preexisting valve lesions, radiotherapy, infective endocarditis, and secondary to LV dysfunction. The incidence of VHD is especially in younger survivors treated with thoracic radiotherapy for certain malignancies, such as Hodgkin’s lymphoma and breast cancer. The mechanism of radiation-induced damage to heart valves is not clear and includes diffuse fibro-calcific thickening of the valve. VHD is commonly diagnosed after a long latent period, in the context of clinical symptoms, or suspected on the basis of a new murmur. The evaluation includes identification of anatomical valve abnormalities and valve dysfunction and assessment of the functional consequences of valve dysfunction on the ventricles. Echocardiography is the optimal imaging technique for diagnostic and therapeutic management. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) and computed tomography (CT) may be used to assess the severity of VHD, but cardiac CT is mainly useful for detecting extensive calcifications of the ascending aorta. Patients exposed to mediastinal radiotherapy and minimal valve dysfunction require follow-up every 2 to 3 years, with moderate valve disease yearly, and when severe should be assessed for valve surgery.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgery Specialities, University of Catania, Catania, Italy

    Ines Paola Monte

  2. Division of Cardiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA

    Gyanendra Kumar Sharma

Authors
  1. Ines Paola Monte
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  2. Gyanendra Kumar Sharma
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Correspondence to Ines Paola Monte .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy

    Antonio Russo

  2. University of Palermo, School of Medicine, Palermo, Italy

    Giuseppina Novo

  3. Department of Cardiology, University of Liège, Liege, Belgium

    Patrizio Lancellotti

  4. Temple University College of Science and Technology, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Antonio Giordano

  5. Cardiology Department, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal

    Fausto J. Pinto

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Monte, I.P., Sharma, G.K. (2019). Valvular Heart Disease. In: Russo, A., Novo, G., Lancellotti, P., Giordano, A., Pinto, F. (eds) Cardiovascular Complications in Cancer Therapy. Current Clinical Pathology. Humana Press, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93402-0_10

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93402-0_10

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  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-93401-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-93402-0

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