Abstract
External suppliers of energy interested in access to EU energy market use various instruments to influence the process of energy policy-making and promote their interests. This chapter examines how those external suppliers are present in Brussels, their interests in energy policy, the formal and informal frameworks they operate in as well as various instruments they have at their disposal to influence the process of policy-making in the EU. The focus is on the use of communicative and other instruments employed by Norway, a quasi-EU member through its EEA affiliation, and Russia, the main external supplier of energy to the EU and source of strategic concern, the two countries interested in security of demand facing EU preoccupied with security of supply and diversification of supplies and routes.
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Notes
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The possible impact of this growing focus on developing a ‘greener’ energy system in the EU is examined in detail in Chap. 4 of this volume.
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This definition is based on the seminal work by Freeman and Reed (2004 (1982)).
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All information on Russian lobbying in the following paragraphs stems from the official website of the Permanent Mission at https://russiaeu.ru/en.
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Godzimirski, J.M. (2019). Channels of Influence or How Non-Members Can Influence EU Energy Policy. In: Godzimirski, J.M. (eds) New Political Economy of Energy in Europe. International Political Economy Series. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93360-3_5
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