Abstract
Even with advances in perioperative medical care, anesthetic management, and surgical techniques, radical cystectomy (RC) continues to be associated with a high morbidity rate as well as a prolonged length of hospital stay. In recent years, there has been great interest in identifying multimodal and interdisciplinary strategies that help accelerate postoperative convalescence by reducing variation in perioperative care of patients undergoing complex surgeries. Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) attempts to evaluate and incorporate scientific evidence for modifying as many of the factors contributing to the morbidity of RC as possible, and optimize how patients are cared for before and after surgery. In this chapter, we review the preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative elements of using an ERAS protocol for RC.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Siegel R, Naishadham D, Jemal A (2013) Cancer statistics. CA Cancer J Clin 63:11–30
Gellert C, Scho B (2015) Smoking and all-cause mortality in older people. Arch Intern Med 172:837–844
Skeldon SC, Goldenberg SL (2015) Bladder cancer: a portal into men’s health. Urol Oncol 33:40–44
Mukhtar S, Ayres BE, Issa R, Swinn MJ, Perry MJA (2013) Challenging boundaries: an enhanced recovery program for radical cystectomy. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 95:200–206
HCUP Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS). Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP). Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 2011. www.hcup-us.ahrq.gov/nisoverview.jsp
Chang SS, Cookson MS, Baumgartner RG, Wells N, Smith JA Jr (2002) Analysis of early complications after radical cystectomy: results of a collaborative care pathway. J Urol 167:2012–2016
Shabsigh A, Korets R, Vora KC et al (2009) Defining early morbidity of radical cystectomy for subjects with bladder cancer using a standardized reporting methodology. Eur Urol 55:164–174
Yuh BE, Nazmy M, Ruel NH et al (2012) Standardized analysis of frequency and severity of complications after robot-assisted radical cystectomy. Eur Urol 6:806–813
Musch M, Janowski M, Steves A et al (2014) Comparison of early postoperative morbidity after robot-assisted and open radical cystectomy: results of a prospective observational study. Brit J Urol 113:458–467
Stimson CJ, Chang SS, Barocas DA et al (2010) Early and late perioperative outcomes follow radical cystectomy: 90-day readmissions, morbidity and mortality in a contemporary series. J Urol 184:1296–1300
Clark PE, Stein PJ, Groshen SG et al (2005) Radical cystectomy in the elderly. Cancer 103:546–552
Hollembeck BK, Miller DC, Taub D et al (2005) Identifying risk factors for potentially avoidable complications following radical cystectomy. J Urol 174:1231–1237
Kim SP, Shah ND, Karnes J et al (2012) The implications of hospital acquired adverse events on mortality, length of stay and costs for patients undergoing radical cystectomy for bladder cancer. J Urol 187:2011–2017
Danna BJ, Wood EL, Kukreja JEB, Shah JB (2016) The future of enhanced recovery for radical cystectomy: current evidence, barriers to adoption, and the next steps. Urology 96:62–68
Kehlet H, Wilmore DW (2002) Multimodal strategies to improve surgical outcome. Am J Surg 183:630
Kehlet H (1997) Multimodal approach to control postoperative pathophysiology and rehabilitation. Br J Anaesth 78:606–617
Cerantola Y, Valerio M, Persson B et al (2013) Guidelines for perioperative care after radical cystectomy for bladder cancer: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS(®)) Society recommendations. Clin Nutr 32:879–887
Frith C, Wakelam J, Vasdev N, et al (2014) The role of an enhanced recovery protocol in patients undergoing robotic radical cystectomy. Urology 2014
Kiecolt-Glaser JK, Page GG, Marucha PT, MacCallum RC, Glaser R (1998) Psychological influences on surgical recovery perspectives from psychoneuroimmunology. Am Psychol 53(11):1209–1218
Egbert LD, Battit GE, Welch CE, Bartlett MK (1964) Reduction of postoperative pain by encouragement and instruction of patients. A study of doctor-patient rapport. N Engl J Med 270:825–827
Halaszynski TM, Juda R, Silverman DG (2004) Optimizing postoperative outcomes with efficient preoperative assessment and management. Crit Care Med 32:S76–S86
Forster AJ, Clark HD, Menard A et al (2005) Effect of a nurse team coordinator on outcomes for hospitalized medicine patients. Am J Med 118(10):1148–1153
Disbrow EA, Bennett HL, Owings JT (1993) Effect of preoperative suggestion on postoperative gastrointestinal motility. West J Med 158(5):488–492
Gustafsson UO, Scott MJ, Schwenk W et al (2012) Guidelines for perioperative care in elective colonic surgery: enhanced after surgery (ERAS) Society recommendations. Clin Nutr 31:783–800
Smart NJ, White P, Allison AS, Ockrim JB, Kennedy RH, Francis NK (2012) Deviation and failure of enhanced recovery after surgery following laparoscopic colorectal surgery: early prediction model. Colorectal Dis 14(10):727–734
Azhar RA, Bochner B, Catto J et al (2016) Enhanced recovery after urological surgery: a contemporary systematic review of outcomes, key elements, and research needs. Eur Urol 70:176–187
Nygren J, Thacker J, Carli F et al (2013) Guidelines for perioperative care in elective rectal/pelvic surgery: enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) society recommendations. World J Surg 37:285–305
Tonnesen H, Kehlet H (1999) Preoperative alcoholism and postoperative morbidity. Br J Surg 86:869–874
Tonnesen H, Rosenberg J, Nielsen HJ, Rasmussen V, Hauge C, Pedersen IK et al (1999) Effect of preoperative abstinence on poor postoperative outcome in alcohol misusers: randomised controlled trial. BMJ 318(7194):1311–1316
Sorensen LT, Karlsmark T, Gottrup F (2003) Abstinence from smoking reduces incisional wound infection: a randomized controlled trial. Ann Surg 238:1–5
Lindstrom D, Sadr Azodi O, Wladis A, Tonnesen H, Linder S, Nasell H et al (2008) Effects of a perioperative smoking cessation intervention on postoperative complications: a randomized trial. Ann Surg 248:739–745
Arthur HM, Daniels C, McKelvie R, Hirsh J, Rush B (2000) Effect of a preoperative intervention on preoperative and postoperative outcomes in low-risk patients awaiting elective coronary artery bypass graft surgery. A randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 133:253–262
Carli F, Charlebois P, Stein B et al (2010) Randomized clinical trial of prehabilitation in colorectal surgery. Br J Surg 97(8):1187–1197
Dronkers JJ, Lamberts H, Reutelingsperger IM et al (2010) Preoperative therapeutic programme for elderly patients scheduled for elective abdominal oncological surgery: a randomized controlled pilot study. Clin Rehabil 24:614–622
Hoogeboom TJ, Dronkers JJ, van den Ende CH, Oosting E, van Meeteren NL (2010) Preoperative therapeutic exercise in frail elderly scheduled for total hip replacement: a randomized pilot trial. Clin Rehabil 24:901–910
Hulzebos EH, Helders PJ, Favie NJ et al (2006) Preoperative intensive inspiratory muscle training to prevent postoperative pulmonary complications in high-risk patients undergoing CABG surgery: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 296(15):1851–1857
Weiner P, Zeidan F, Zamir D, Pelled B, Waizman J, Beckerman M et al (1998) Prophylactic inspiratory muscle training in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft. World J Surg 22:427–431
Weidenhielm L, Mattsson E, Brostrom LA, Wersall-Robertsson E (1993) Effect of preoperative physiotherapy in unicompartmental prosthetic knee replacement. Scand J Rehabil Med 25:33–39
Gregg JR, Cookson MS, Phillips S et al (2011) Effect of preoperative nutritional deficiency on mortality after radical cystectomy for bladder cancer. J Urol 185:90–96
Garth AK, Newsome CM, Simmance N, Crowe TC (2010) Nutritional status, nutrition practices and post-operative complications in patients with gastrointestinal cancer. J Hum Nutr Diet 23:393–401
Bertrand J, Siegler N, Murez T et al (2014) Impact of preoperative immunonutrition on morbidity following cystectomy for bladder cancer: a case-control pilot study. World J Urol 32:233–237
Guenaga KF, Matos D, Castro AA, Atallah AN, Wille-Jorgensen P (2005) Mechanical bowel preparation for elective colorectal surgery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev CD001544
Tabibi A, Simforoosh N, Basiri A, Ezzatnejad M, Abdi H, Farrokhi F (2007) Bowel preparation versus no preparation before ileal urinary diversion. Urology 70:654–658
Xu R, Zhao X, Zhong Z, Zhang L (2010) No advantage is gained by preoperative bowel preparation in radical cystectomy and ileal conduit: a randomized controlled trial of 86 patients. Int Urol Nephrol 42:947–950
Raynor MC, Lavien G, Nielsen M, Wallen EM, Pruthi RS (2013) Elimination of preoperative mechanical bowel preparation in patients undergoing cystectomy and urinary diversion. Urol Oncol 31:32–35
Aslan G, Baltaci S, Akdogan B et al (2013) A prospective randomized multicenter study of Turkish Society of Urooncology comparing two different mechanical bowel preparation methods for radical cystectomy. Urol Oncol 31:664–670
Brady M, Kinn S, Stuart P (2003) Preoperative fasting for adults to prevent perioperative complications. Cochrane Database Syst Rev CD004423
Smith I, Kranke P, Murat I et al (2011) Perioperative fasting in adults and children: guidelines from the European society of anaesthesiology. Eur J Anaesthesiol 28:556–569
Awad S, Varadhan KK, Ljungqvist O, Lobo DN (2013) A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on preoperative oral carbohydrate treatment in elective surgery. Clin Nutr 32:34–44
Hausel J, Nygren J, Thorell A, Lagerkranser M, Ljungqvist O (2005) Randomized clinical trial of the effects of oral preoperative carbohydrates on postoperative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Br J Surg 92:415–421
Can MF, Yagci G, Dag B et al (2009) Preoperative administration of oral carbohydrate-rich solutions: comparison of glucometabolic responses and tolerability between patients with and without insulin resistance. Nutrition 25:72–77
Maffezzini M, Gerbi G, Campodonico F, Parodi D (2007) Multimodal perioperative plan for radical cystectomy and intestinal urinary diversion. I. Effect on recovery of intestinal function and occurrence of complications. Urology 69:1107–1111
Correia MITD, da Silva RG (2004) The impact of early nutrition on metabolic response and postoperative ileus. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 7:577–583
Kauf TL, Svatek RS, Amiel G et al (2014) Alvimopan, a peripherally acting m-opioid receptor antagonist, is associated with reduced costs after radical cystectomy: economic analysis of a phase 4 randomized, controlled trial. J Urol 191:1721–1727
Lee C, Chang S, Kamat A et al (2014) Alvimopan accelerates gastrointestinal recovery after radical cystectomy: a multicenter randomized placebo-controlled trial. Eur Urol 66:265–272
Dutton TJ, McGrath JS, Daugherty MO (2014) Use of rectus sheath catheters for pain relief in patients undergoing major pelvic urological surgery. BJU Int 113:246–253
Nix J, Smith A, Kurpad R, Nielsen ME, Wallen EM, Pruthi RS (2010) Prospective randomized controlled trial of robotic versus open radical cystectomy for bladder cancer: perioperative and pathologic results. Eur Urol 57:196–201
Tobis S, Heinlen JE, Ruel N et al (2014) Effect of alvimopan on return of bowel function after robot-assisted radical cystectomy. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 24:693–697
Palapattu GS, Haisfield-Wolfe ME, Walker JM et al (2004) Assessment of perioperative psychological distress in patients undergoing radical cystectomy for bladder cancer. J Urol 172:1814–1817
Tyson MD, Castle EP, Humphreys MR, Andrews PE (2014) Venous thromboembolism after urologic surgery. J Urol 192:793–797
Bergqvist D, Agnelli G, Cohen AT et al (2002) Duration of prophylaxis against venous thromboembolism with enoxaparin after surgery for cancer. N Engl J Med 346:975–980
Bratzler DW, Houck PM (2004) Antimicrobial prophylaxis for surgery: an advisory statement from the National Surgical Infection Prevention Project. Clin Infect Dis 38:1706–1715
Darouiche RO, Wall MJ Jr, Itani KM et al (2010) Chlorhexidine-Alcohol versus povidone-iodine for surgical-site antisepsis. N Engl J Med 362:18–26
Rocos B, Donaldson LJ (2012) Alcohol skin preparation causes surgical fires. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 94:87–89
Mir MC, Zargar H, Bolton DM, Murphy DG, Lawrentschuk N (2015) Enhanced recovery after surgery protocols for radical cystectomy surgery: review of current evidence and local protocols. ANZ J Surg 85:514–520
Carli F, Kehlet H, Baldinin G et al (2010) Evidence basis for regional anaesthesia in multi-disciplinary fast-track surgical pathways. Reg Anaesth Pain Med 36:63–72
Maffezzini M, Campodonico F, Canepa G, Gerbi G, Parodi D (2008) Current perioperative management of radical cystectomy with intestinal urinary reconstruction for muscle-invasive bladder cancer and reduction of the incidence of postoperative ileus. Surg Oncol 17:41–48
Pruthi RS, Chun J, Richman M (2003) Reducing time to oral diet and hospital discharge in patients undergoing radical cystectomy using a perioperative care plan. Urology 62:661–665
Daneshmand S, Ahmadi H, Schuckman AK et al (2014) Enhanced recovery protocol after radical cystectomy for bladder cancer. J Urol 192:50–55
Kurz A, Sessler DI, Lenhardt R (1996) Perioperative normothermia to reduce the incidence of surgical-wound infection and shorten hospitalization. study of wound infection and temperature group. N Engl J Med 334:1209–1215
Giglio MT, Marucci M, Testini M, Brienza N (2009) Goal-directed haemodynamic therapy and gastrointestinal complications in major surgery: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Br J Anaesth 103:637–646
Wakeling HG, McFall MR, Jenkins CS et al (2005) Intraoperative oesophageal Doppler guided fluid managements shortens postoperative hospital stay after major bowel surgery. Br J Anaesth 95:634–642
Pillai P, McEleavy I, Gaughan M, Snowden C, Nesbitt I, Durkan G et al (2011) A double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial to assess the effect of Doppler optimized intraoperative fluid management on outcome following radical cystectomy. J Urol 186:2201–2206
Menon M, Hemal AK, Tewari A et al (2003) Nerve sparing robotic robot-assisted radical cystoprosatectomynad urinary diversion. BJU Int 92:232–236
Tang K, Xia D, Li H et al (2014) Robotic vs. open radical cystectomy in bladder cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Surg Oncol 40:1399–1411
Johar RS, Hayn MH, Stegemann AP et al (2013) Complications after robotassisted radical cystectomy: results from the International Robotic Cystectomy Consortium. Eur Urol 64:52–57
Parekh DJ, Messer J, Fitzgerald J, Ercole B, Svatek R (2013) Perioperative outcomes and oncologic efficacy from a pilot prospective randomized clinical trial of open versus robotic assisted radical cystectomy. J Urol 189:474–479
Bochner BH, Sjoberg DD, Laudone VP (2014) Memorial sloan kettering cancer center bladder cancer surgical trials G. A randomized trial of robot-assisted laparoscopic radical cystectomy. N Engl J Med 371:389–390
Novara G, Catto JW, Wilson T et al (2015) Systematic review and cumulative analysis of perioperative outcomes and complications after robot-assisted radical cystectomy. Eur Urol 67:376–401
Yuh B, Wilson T, Bochner B et al (2015) Systematic review and cumulative analysis of oncologic and functional outcomes after robot-assisted radical cystectomy. Eur Urol 67:402–422
Snow-Lisy DC, Campbell SC, Gill IS et al (2014) Robotic and laparoscopic radical cystectomy for bladder cancer: long-term oncologic outcomes. Eur Urol 65:193–200
Nazmy M, Yuh B, Kawachi M et al (2014) Early and late complications of robot-assisted radical cystectomy: a standardized analysis by urinary diversion type. J Urol 191:681–687
Erber B, Schrader M, Miller K et al (2011) Morbidity and quality of life in bladder cancer patients following cystectomy and urinary diversion: a single-institution comparison of ileal conduit versus orthotopic neobladder. ISRN Urol 2012:1–8
Abe T, Takada N, Shinohara N et al (2014) Comparison of 90-day complications between ileal conduit and neobladder reconstruction after radical cystectomy: a retrospective multi-institutional study in Japan. Int J Urol 21:554–559
Lee R, Abol-Enein H, Artibani W et al (2013) Urinary diversion after radical cystectomy for bladder cancer: options, patient selection, and outcomes. BJU Int 113:11–23
Ahmed K, Khan SA, Hayn MH et al (2014) Analysis of intracorporeal compared with extracorporeal urinary diversion after robot-assisted radical cystectomy: results from the International Robotic Cystectomy Consortium. Eur Urol 65:340–347
Smith N, Castle E, Gonzalgo M et al (2015) The RAZOR (randomized open vs. robotic cystectomy) trial: study design and trial update. BJU Int 115:198–205
KarliczeK A, Jesus EC, Matos D, Castro A, Atallah AN, Wiggers T (2006) Drainage or nondrainage in elective colorectal anastomosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Colorectal Dis 8:259–265
Dutton TJ, Daugherty MO, Mason RG, McGrath JS (2014) Implementation of the Exeter enhanced recovery program for patients undergoing radical cystectomy. BJU Int 113:719–725
Smith JB, Meng ZW, Lockyer R et al (2014) Evolution of the Southampton Enhanced Recovery Programme for radical cystectomy and the aggregation of marginal gains. BJU Int 114:375–383
Mattei A, Birkhaeuser FD, Baermann C, Warncke SH, Studer UE (2008) To stent or not to stent perioperatively the ureteroileal anastomosis of ileal orthotopic bladder substitutes and ileal conduits? Results of a prospective randomized trial. J Urol 179:582–586
Nelson R, Edwards S, Tse B (2007) Prophylactic nasogastric decompression after abdominal surgery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev CD004929
Donat SM, Slaton JW, Pisters LL, Swanson DA (1999) Early nasogastric tube removal combined with metoclopramide after radical cystectomy and urinary diversion. J Urol 162:1599–1602
Adamakis I, Tyritzis SI, Koutalellis G et al (2011) Early removal of nasogastric tube is beneficial for patients undergoing radical cystectomy with urinary diversion. Int Braz J Urol 37:42–48
Choi H, Kang SH, Yoon DK et al (2011) Chewing gum has a stimulatory effect on bowel motility in patients after open or robotic radical cystectomy for bladder cancer: a prospective randomized comparative study. Urology 77:884–890
Kouba EJ, Wallen EM, Pruthi RS (2007) Gum chewing stimulates bowel motility in patients undergoing radical cystectomy with urinary diversion. Urology 70:1053–1056
Traut U, Brugger L, Kunz R, et al (2008) Systemic prokinetic pharmacologic treatment for postoperative adynamic ileus following abdominal surgery in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev CD004930
Lightfoot AJ, Eno M, Kreder KJ, O’Donnell MA, Rao SS, Williams RD (2007) Treatment of postoperative ileus after bowel surgery with low-dose intravenous erythromycin. Urology 69:611–615
Pruthi RS, Nielsen M, Smith A, Nix J, Schultz H, Wallen EM (2010) Fast track program in patients undergoing radical cystectomy: results in 362 consecutive patients. J Am Coll Surg 210:93–99
Smith J, Pruthi RS, McGrath J (2014) Enhanced recovery programs for patients undergoing radical cystectomy. Nat Rev 11:437–444
Zingg U, Miskovic D, Pasternak I, Meyer P, Hamel CT, Metzger U (2008) Effect of bisacodyl on postoperative bowel motility in elective colorectal surgery: a prospective, randomized trial. Int J Colorectal Dis 23:1175–1183
Schroeder D, Gillanders L, Mahr K, Hill GL (1991) Effects of immediate postoperative enteral nutrition on body composition, muscle function, and wound healing. J Parenter Enter Nutr 15:376–383
Behrns KE, Kircher AP, Galanko JA, Brownstein MR, Koruda MJ (2000) Prospective randomized trial of early initiation and hospital discharge on a liquid diet following elective intestinal surgery. J Gastrointest Surg 4:217–221
Fearon KCH, Luff R (2003) The nutritional management of surgical patients: enhanced recovery after surgery. Proc Nutr Soc. 62:807–811
Osland E, Yunus RM, Khan S, Memon MA (2011) Early versus traditional postoperative feeding in patients undergoing resectional gastrointestinal surgery: a meta-analysis. J Parenter Enter Nutr 35:473–487
Holte K (2004) Foss NB, Svensen C, Lund C, Madsen JL, Kehlet H. Epidural anesthesia, hypotension, and changes in intravascular volume. Anesthesiology 100:281–286
Soni N (2009) British consensus guidelines on intravenous fluid therapy for adult surgical patients (GIFTASUP): Cassandra’s view. Anaesthesia 64:235–238
Karl A, Rittler P, Buchner A et al (2009) Prospective assessment of malnutrition in urologic patients. Urology 73:1072–1076
Ventham NT, O’Neill S, Johns N, Brady RR, Fearon KC (2014) Evaluation of novel local anesthetic wound infiltration techniques for postoperative pain following colorectal resection surgery: a meta-analysis. Dis Colon Rectum 57:237–250
Klein M, Gogenur I, Rosenberg J (2012) Postoperative use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in patients with anastomotic leakage requiring reoperation after colorectal resection: cohort study based on prospective data. BMJ 345:61–66
Coxib and traditional NSAID Trialists (CNT) Collaboration (2013) Vascular and upper gastrointestinal effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: meta-analyses of individual participant data from randomized trials. Lancet 382:769–779
Patel HR, Cerantola Y, Valerio M et al (2014) Enhanced recovery after surgery: are we ready, and can we afford not to implement these pathways for patients undergoing radical cystectomy? Eur Urol 65:263–266
Vlug MS, Wind J, Hollmann MW et al (2011) Laparoscopy in combination with fast track management is the best perioperative strategy in patients undergoing colonic surgery: a randomized clinical trial (LAFA-study). Ann Surg 254:868–875
Jensen BT, Petersen AK, Jensen JB, Laustsen S, Borre M (2015) Efficacy of a multi-professional rehabilitation programme in radical cystectomy pathways: a prospective randomized controlled trial. Scand J Urol 49:133–141
Vasdev N, Pillai P, Snowdon CP, Thorpe AC (2012) Current strategies to enhance recovery following radical cystectomy: single centre initial experience. ISRN Urol 1–6
Stowers MD, Lemanu DP, Hill AG (2015) Health economics in enhanced recovery after surgery programs. Can J Anaesth 62:219–230
Karl A, Buchner A, Becker A et al (2014) A new concept for early recovery after surgery for patients undergoing radical cystectomy for bladder cancer: results of a prospective randomized study. J Urol 191:335–340
Arumainayagam N, McGrath J, Jefferson KP, Gillatt DA (2008) Introduction of an enhanced recovery protocol for radical cystectomy. BJU Int 101:698–701
Saar M, Ohlmann C-H, Siemer S et al (2013) Fast-track rehabilitation after robot-assisted laparoscopic cystectomy accelerates postoperative recovery. BJU Int 112:E99–E106
Guan X, Liu L, Lei X et al (2014) A comparative study of fast-track verus conventional surgery in patients undergoing laparoscopic radical cystectomy and ileal conduit diversion: Chinese experience. Sci Rep 4:6820
Cerruto MA, De Marco V, D’Elia C et al (2014) Introduction of an enhanced recovery protocol to reduce short-term complications following radical cystectomy and intestinal urinary diversion with vescica ileale Padovana neobladder. Urol Int 92:35–40
Persson B, Carringer M, Andre´n O, et al (2015) Initial experiences with the enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol in open radical cystectomy. Scand J Urol 49:302–307
Koupparis A, Villeda-Sandoval C, Weale N et al (2015) Robot-assisted radical cystectomy with intracorporeal urinary diversion: impact on an established enhanced recovery protocol. BJU Int 116:924–931
Xu W, Daneshmand S, Bazargani ST et al (2015) Postoperative pain management after radical cystectomy: comparing traditional versus enhanced recovery protocol pathway. J Urol 194:1209–1213
Collins JW, Adding C, Hosseini A et al (2016) Introducing an enhanced recovery programme to an established totally intracorporeal robotassisted radical cystectomy service. Scand J Urol 50:39–46
Chipollini J, Tang DH, Hussein K, et al (2017) Does implementing an enhanced recovery after surgery protocol increase hospital charges? Comparisons from a radical cystectomy program at a specialty cancer center. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2017.03.023. [Epub ahead of print]
Baack-Kukreja J, Messing E, Shah J (2015) Are we doing “better”? The discrepancy between perception and practice of enhanced recovery after cystectomy principles among urologic oncologists. Urol Oncol Semin Ori 34:120
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Chenam, A., Chan, K.G. (2018). Enhanced Recovery After Surgery for Radical Cystectomy. In: Daneshmand, S., Chan, K. (eds) Genitourinary Cancers . Cancer Treatment and Research, vol 175. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93339-9_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93339-9_10
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-93338-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-93339-9
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)