Abstract
The surface rupture generated by the 14th November 2016 M7.8 ‘Kaikōura’ earthquake ruptured multiple faults over a distance of approximately 200 km. The southern extent of the rupture in northern Canterbury displays a remarkable complexity of rupture style, geometry and surface expression. Much of the surface trace is closely associated with a number of large, complex mechanism coseismic landslides. The spatial proximity of landslides and fault rupture through a region of elevated topography has resulted in areas where the determination of the origin of surface deformation features becomes difficult. The identification of primary fault rupture is vital for surface rupture hazard determination, especially for the development of fault avoidance and setback zones. We present the results of detailed field investigations showing the relationships between primary and secondary surface faulting and areas of slope failure. The geomorphological characteristics of each deformation mechanism are discussed, and approaches to developing criteria for distinguishing the origin of upland surface deformation are presented.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Bradley, B.A., Razafindrakoto, H.N.T., Ahsan Nazer, M.: Strong ground motion observations of engineering interest from the 14th November 2016 Mw 7.8 Kaikōura, New Zealand earthquake. Bull. NZ Soc. Earthq. Eng. 50(2), 85–93 (2017)
Cotton, W.: Faults aren’t always what they’re cracked up to be. In: Hanson, K.L., Kelson, K.I., Angell, M.A., Lettis, W.R. (eds.) Techniques for Identifying Faults and Determining Their Origins, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission NUREG Report NUREG/CR-5503, pp. A-27–A-50 (1999)
Dellow, S., Massey, C., Cox, S., Archibald, G., Begg, J., Bruce, Z., Carey, J., Davidson, J., Della Pasqua, F., Glassey, P., Hill, M., Jones, K., Lyndsell, B., Lukovic, B., McColl, S., Rattenbury, M., Read, S., Rosser, B., Singeisen, C., Townsend, D., Villamor, P., Villeneuve, M., Godt, J., Jibson, R., Allstadt, K., Rengers, F., Wartman, J., Rathje, E., Sitar, N., Adda, A.-Z., Manousakis, J., Little, M.: Landslides caused by the 14 November 2016 Mw 7.8 Kaikōura earthquake and the immediate response. Bull. NZ Soc. Earthq. Eng. 50(2), 106–116 (2017)
Kerr, J., Nathan, S., Van Dissen, R., Webb, P., Brunsdon, D., King, A.: Planning for development of land on or close to active faults: a guideline to assist resource management planners in New Zealand. Client report 2002/124 Rep., 67 p. Institute of Geological & Nuclear Sciences (2003)
Stirling, M.W., Litchfield, N.J., Villamor, P., Van Dissen, R.J., Nicol, A., Pettinga, J., Barnes, P., Langridge, R.M., Little, T., Barrell, D.J.A., Mountjoy, J., Ries, W.F., Rowland, J., Fenton, C., Hamling, I., Asher, C., Barrier, A., Benson, A., Bischoff, A., Borella, J., Carne, R., Cochran, U.A., Cockroft, M., Cox, S.C., Duke, G., Fenton, F., Gasston, C., Grimshaw, C., Hale, D., Hall, B., Hao, K.X., Hatem, A., Hemphill-Haley, M., Heron, D.W., Howarth, J., Juniper, Z., Kane, T., Kearse, J., Khajavi, N., Lamarche, G., Lawson, S., Lukovic, B., Madugo, C., Manousakis, I., McColl, S., Noble, D., Pedley, K., Sauer, K., Stahl, T., Strong, D.T., Townsend, D.B., Toy, V., Villeneuve, M., Wandres, A., Williams, J., Woelz, S., Zinke, R.: The Mw 7.8 2016 Kaikōura earthquake: Surface fault rupture and seismic hazard context. Bull. NZ Soc. Earthq. Eng. 50(2), 73–84 (2017)
Acknowledgements
The field data for this study is part of the Kaikōura earthquake response effort involving a large team of postgraduate students and researchers from the Department of Geological Sciences, University of Canterbury. Narges Khajavi has been generous with her time and knowledge of all things tectonic and geospatial. The many farmers and landowners across North Canterbury have been extremely supportive and generous in allowing us access to their property. David and Rebekah Kelly at Woodchester Station and Grant and Cheryl Barbara at Glenbourne are especially thanked for allowing extended access during a period of protracted adversity.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Fenton, C., Gray, M., Hyland, N., Smith, J. (2019). Fault-Landslide Interactions: Examples from the 2016 M7.8 ‘Kaikōura’, New Zealand, Earthquake. In: Shakoor, A., Cato, K. (eds) IAEG/AEG Annual Meeting Proceedings, San Francisco, California, 2018 - Volume 5. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93136-4_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93136-4_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-93135-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-93136-4
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)