Abstract
The use of ultrasound in pediatrics is growing in recent years, especially in pediatric emergency departments. Raising awareness to the dangers of radiation, especially to the pediatric population, has led to the search for alternate, nonionizing imaging possibilities. With ultrasound, conditions such as pneumonia, the most common infectious cause for mortality in children worldwide, bronchiolitis, one of the most common reasons for ED visits, and clavicle fracture, the most common fracture in children, may be diagnosed. Other condition such as pleural effusion, mediastinal masses, skin infections, and abscesses can also be diagnosed rapidly at the bedside, hence promoting rapid diagnosis and appropriate medical care, while sparing the child from unnecessary exposure to ionizing radiation.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Pearce MS, Salotti JA, Little MP, et al. Radiation exposure from CT scans in childhood and subsequent risk of leukaemia and brain tumours: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet. 2012;380:499–505.
Frush DP. CT dose and risk estimates in children. Pediatr Radiol. 2011;41(Suppl 2):483–7.
Borders H, Mychaliska G, Gebarski KS. Sonographic features of neonatal mastitis and breast abscess. Pediatr Radiol. 2009;39:955–8.
Léauté-Labrèze C, Harper JI, Hoeger PH. Infantile haemangioma. Lancet. 2017;390(10089):85–94.
Coley BD. Caffey’s pediatric diagnostic imaging, 12e, Chapter 59. New York: Elsevier; 2013. p. 633–46.
Coley BD. Chest sonography in children: current indications, techniques, and imaging findings. Radiol Clin North Am. 2011;49(5):825–46.
Paltiel HJ, Burrows PE, Kozakewich HP, et al. Soft-tissue vascular anomalies: utility of US for diagnosis. Radiology. 2000;214(3):747–54.
Lien J. Pediatric orthopedic injuries: evidence-based management in the emergency department. Pediatr Emerg Med Pract. 2017;14(9):1–28.
Chien M, Bulloch B, Garcia-Filion P, et al. Bedside ultrasound in the diagnosis of pediatric clavicle fractures. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2011;27(11):1038–41.
Turk F, Kurt AB, Saglam S. Evaluation by ultrasound of traumatic rib fractures missed by radiography. Emerg Radiol. 2010;17(6):473–7.
Orth RC, Laor T. Isolated costal cartilage fracture: an unusual cause of an anterior chest mass in a toddler. Pediatr Radiol. 2009;39(9):985–7.
Kelloff J, Hulett R, Spivey M. Acute rib fracture diagnosis in an infant by US: a matter of child protection. Pediatr Radiol. 2009;39(1):70–2.
Craig JG, Jacobson JA, Moed BR. Ultrasound of fracture and bone healing. Radiol Clin North Am. 1999;37(4):737–51, ix.
Donnelly LF, Frush DP. Abnormalities of the chest wall in pediatric patients. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1999;173(6):1595–601.
Kleigman RM, Stanton BF, St Geme J, et al. Nelson textbook of pediatrics. 20th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2016. p. 2131.
Efrati O, Barak A. Pleural effusions in the pediatric population. Pediatr Rev. 2002;23(12):417–26.
Berant R, Kwan C, Fischer J. Emergency point-of-care ultrasound assessment of whiteout lung in the pediatric emergency department. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2015;31(12):872–5.
Doniger SJ. Pediatric emergency and critical care ultrasound, Ch. 7. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2013. p. 109.
Prina E, Torres A, Carvalho C. Lung ultrasound in the evaluation of pleural effusion. J Bras Pneumol. 2014;40(1):1–5.
Kurian J, Levin TL, Han BK, et al. Comparison of ultrasound and CT in the evaluation of pneumonia complicated by parapneumonic effusion in children. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2009;193(6):1648–54.
Kleigman RM, Stanton BF, St Geme J, et al. Nelson textbook of pediatrics, Ch. 411. 20th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2016. p. 2135–6.
Raja AS, Jacobus CH. How accurate is ultrasonography for excluding pneumothorax? Ann Emerg Med. 2013;61(2):207–8.
Volpicelli G, Boero E, Sverzellati N, et al. Semi-quantification of pneumothorax volume by lung ultrasound. Intensive Care Med. 2014;40(10):1460–7.
Kleigman RM, Stanton BF, St Geme J, et al. Nelson textbook of pediatrics, Ch. 391. 20th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2016. p. 2045.
Florin TA, Plint AC, Zorc JJ. Viral bronchiolitis. Lancet. 2017;389(10065):211–24.
Basile V, Di Mauro A, Scalini E, et al. Lung ultrasound: a useful tool in diagnosis and management of bronchiolitis. BMC Pediatr. 2015;15:63.
Cohen JS, Hughes N, Tat S, Chamberlain JM, Teach SJ, Boniface K. The utility of bedside lung ultrasound findings in bronchiolitis. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2017;33(2):97–100.
Caiulo VA, Gargani L, Caiulo S, et al. Lung ultrasound in bronchiolitis: comparison with chest X-ray. Eur J Pediatr. 2011;170(11):1427–33.
Rudan I, Tomaskovic L, Boschi-Pinto C, et al.; WHO Child Health Epidemiology Reference Group. Global estimate of the incidence of clinical pneumonia among children under five years of age. Bull World Health Organ. 2004;82(12):895–903.
World Health Organization. Pneumonia. Fact sheet no. 331. www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs331/en/. Accessed 1 Dec 2017.
Harris M, Clark J, Coote N, et al. British Thoracic Society guidelines for the management of community acquired pneumonia in children: update 2011. British Thoracic Society Standards of Care Committee. Thorax. 2011;66(Suppl 2):ii1.
Jain S, Williams DJ, Arnold SR, et al. Community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization among U.S. children CDC EPIC Study Team. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(9):835.
Pereda MA, Chavez MA, Hooper-Miele CC, et al. Lung ultrasound for the diagnosis of pneumonia in children: a meta-analysis. Pediatrics. 2015;135:714.
Jones BP, Tay ET, Elikashvili I, et al. Feasibility and safety of substituting lung ultrasound for chest X-ray when diagnosing pneumonia in children: a randomized controlled trial. Chest. 2016;150(1):131–8.
Lichtenstein D. Lung ultrasound in the critically ill. Ann Intensive Care. 2014;4:1.
Goh Y, Kapur J. Sonography of the pediatric chest. J Ultrasound Med. 2016;35(5):1067–80.
Weerdenburg KD, Kwan CW, Fischer JW, et al. Point-of-care ultrasound findings associated with foreign body aspiration in the pediatric emergency department. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2016;32:486–8.
Desjardins MP, Weerdenburg KD, Fischer JW. Emergency point-of-care ultrasound diagnosis of diaphragmatic hernia in the pediatric emergency department. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2016;32(10):685–7.
Yekeler E, Tambag A, Tunaci A, et al. Analysis of the thymus in 151 healthy infants from 0 to 2 years of age. J Ultrasound Med. 2004;23:1321–6.
Trinavarat P, Riccabona M. Potential of ultrasound in the pediatric chest. Eur J Radiol. 2014;83:1507–18.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Berant, R. (2020). Pediatrics. In: Feletti, F., Malta, B., Aliverti, A. (eds) Thoracic Ultrasound and Integrated Imaging. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93055-8_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93055-8_10
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-93054-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-93055-8
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)