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Ancient Migrations: Biodistance, Genetics, and the Persistence of Typological Thinking

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Bioarchaeologists Speak Out

Part of the book series: Bioarchaeology and Social Theory ((BST))

Abstract

Social media is awash with the latest discoveries about the human past. Headlines read: “DNA of ancient skeleton linked to modern indigenous peoples,” “Ancient DNA suggests the first Americans sidestepped the glaciers,” and “Ancient DNA reveals secrets of human history.” These headlines all come from respected outlets with a connection to the academic community (Smithsonian, Science, and Nature, respectively). However, news media outlets with a more popular audience have also become interested in the stories and histories being revealed about our ancestors through modern and ancient DNA, and new toolkits include a heavy bioinformatics component. As expected, these headlines are a bit more sensational: “Are you tall? Then thank your ancient cousins: Neanderthal DNA still helps dictate your HEIGHT and whether you suffer from lupus and schizophrenia” reads a Daily Mail headline about Neanderthal admixture. Another reads: “The ‘founding father’ of Europe: DNA reveals all Europeans are related to a group that lived around 35,000 years ago.” Yet another, seemingly contradictory, headline reads: “Europeans drawn from three ancient ‘tribes.’” Communications technology has evolved in lockstep with advances in DNA recovery and analysis over the last two decades, perhaps giving the impression that studies of past population movements are a recent development. However, interest in “ancient migrations” has a deep history in western science, beginning with analyses of the skull using what are now referred to as biological distance methods.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    http://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/dna-ancient-skeleton-linked-todays-indigenouspeoples-180962831/?utm_source=facebook.com&utm_medium=socialmedia.

  2. 2.

    http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/08/ancient-dna-suggests-first-americans-sidestepped-glaciers.

  3. 3.

    http://www.nature.com/news/2011/110809/full/476136a.html.

  4. 4.

    http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-4245986/Neanderthal-DNA-helps-dictate-HEIGHT.html.

  5. 5.

    http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-3569545/The-founding-fathers-Europe-DNA-reveals-Europeans-related-group-lived-Belgium-35-000-years-ago.html.

  6. 6.

    http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-29213892.

  7. 7.

    Although there are dozens of ancient DNA labs in the world many of the recent high-profile papers come from only a few. See https://palaeogenomics.wordpress.com/ancient-dna-labs/ for a recent listing. Pickrell and Reich (2014, p. 16) offer an explanation for why this is the case.

  8. 8.

    https://www.sciencenews.org/article/top-science-stories-2016.

  9. 9.

    I provide some examples here but refuse to cite the web pages because I do not want to drive traffic to these sites, and I do not want to become the target of any backlash. Such is the nature of things in 2017. A quick Google search provides verification for some of the opinions that follow. Evidence of Neanderthal admixture in European, Asian, but not African populations is taken as evidence for White and Asian intellectual superiority over Blacks; Neanderthals had larger brains than humans. Michael Rockefeller may or may not have been eaten in New Guinea, but if he was it was because the indigenous Papuans are the most primitive people alive today, and they have the highest frequency of Denisovan genes (primitives, savages!).

  10. 10.

    For information on Galton’s publishing history with composite portraiture, see http://galton.org/composite.htm.

  11. 11.

    Interestingly the Basket Maker type was only represented by six skulls, an exceedingly small sample size.

  12. 12.

    There are at least a dozen different programs that perform similar types of analyses (Morozova et al. 2016).

  13. 13.

    This sentence was written on January 27, 2017.

  14. 14.

    Given the poor staying power of online media, I am hesitant to post the links but to give credit to these authors:

    http://inthesetimes.com/article/16674/the_genes_made_us_do_ithttp://www.huffingtonpost.com/nicholas-wade/in-defense-of-a-troublesome-inheritance_b_5413333.html

    https://violentmetaphors.com/2014/05/21/nicholas-wade-and-race-building-a-scientific-facade/

    http://www.huffingtonpost.com/agustin-fuentes/the-troublesome-ignorance-of-nicholaswade_b_5344248.html?utm_hp_ref=tw&utm_content=bufferfad4c&utm_medium=social&utm_source=twitter.com&utm_campaign=buffer.

  15. 15.

    http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-29213892.

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  1. School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA

    Christopher M. Stojanowski

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    Jane E. Buikstra

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Stojanowski, C.M. (2019). Ancient Migrations: Biodistance, Genetics, and the Persistence of Typological Thinking. In: Buikstra, J.E. (eds) Bioarchaeologists Speak Out. Bioarchaeology and Social Theory. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93012-1_8

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