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Rare Earth Luminescence: Electronic Spectroscopy and Applications

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Abstract

The luminescence exhibited by matter has raised the human curiosity for centuries. The rapid emergent of the solid-state white light-emitting diodes based on the luminescent rare earth ions, especially Ce3+ that emits a complementary color (yellow) of blue light and has central contribution to the development of white LEDs, might be considered the latest lighting devices to light the whole twenty-first century. Thus, the luminescent RE3+ compounds have been significantly studied due to their remarkable photonic applications, presently extended from lighting and displays, laser physics to material science, and agriculture and medical diagnostics (especially bioimaging of tissues and cells). Excess works in the form of peer-reviewed articles, chapters, and books have been published on rare earth luminescence and applications. Most of the books contain larger theoretical studies on the photoluminescence spectroscopy of the rare earth ions, which are not easily understandable by the nonspecialized readers and fresh researchers.

The aim of this chapter is to present concise overview on the key concept of luminescence and electronic spectroscopy of rare earth compounds: energy transfer processes, luminescence spectra and their measurements, instrumental techniques, as well as applications (bioimaging and LEDs). In accordance with the title of the book, the content of the chapter is presented in an efficient and simple way to be better understandable by the nonspecialized readers and fresh researchers.

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Abbreviations

A:

Acceptor

AD:

Anno Domini

CAs:

Contrast agents

CCD:

Charge-coupled device

CET:

Cooperative energy transfer

CFL:

Compact fluorescent light

CIE:

Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage

CRI:

Color-rendering index

CT:

Computed tomography

D:

Donor

DCL:

Down-conversion luminescence

ED:

Electric dipole

EMU:

Energy migration-mediated upconversion

ESA:

Excited-state absorption

ET:

Energy transfer

ETU:

Energy transfer upconversion

FDG:

18-Fluorodeoxyglucose

GaInN:

Gallium indium nitride

GaN:

Gallium nitride

LEDs:

Light-emitting diodes

LMCT:

Ligand-to-metal charge transfer

LPS lamps:

Low-pressure sodium lamps

MCPs:

Micro-channel plates

MD:

Magnetic dipole

MH lamp:

Metal halide lamp

MNPs:

Magnetic nanoparticles

MRI:

Magnetic resonance imaging

ms:

Millisecond

NIR:

Near-infrared

NPs:

Nanoparticles

OPN:

Osteopontin

PA:

Photon avalanche

PAI:

Photoacoustic imaging

PAM:

Photoacoustic microscopy

PET:

Positron emission tomography

PMT:

Photomultiplier tubes

QDs:

Quantum dots

RE:

Rare earth

RGB:

Red-green-blue

S:

Singlet state

SPECT:

Single-photon emission computed tomography

T:

Triplet state

THP-1:

Tamm-Horsfall protein-1

TTA:

Thenoyltrifluoroacetonate

UC:

Upconversion

UCL:

Upconversion luminescence

UCNPs:

Upconversion nanoparticles

UV:

Ultraviolet

YAG:Ce3+ :

Y3Al5O12:Ce3+

α-CD:

α-Cyclodextrin

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Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful for the financial support from the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES, Brazil) and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq, Brazil) and to The World Academy of Sciences (TWAS) for the advancement of science in developing countries and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP, Brazil).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, SP, Brazil

    Latif Ullah Khan

  2. Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical sciences-IV (ICB-IV), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

    Zahid U. Khan

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  1. Latif Ullah Khan
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  2. Zahid U. Khan
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Correspondence to Latif Ullah Khan .

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  1. Department of Physics, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luis, Maranhão, Brazil

    Surender Kumar Sharma

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Khan, L.U., Khan, Z.U. (2018). Rare Earth Luminescence: Electronic Spectroscopy and Applications. In: Sharma, S. (eds) Handbook of Materials Characterization. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92955-2_10

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