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Chronic Kidney Disease and Hypertension

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Management of Hypertension

Abstract

Hypertension can cause kidney disease and kidney disease can cause hypertension. However, hypertension may cause progressive kidney disease only in genetically susceptible individuals. The second most common cause of end-stage renal disease continues to be hypertension. Increased blood pressure participates in the pathogenesis of renal disease and the kidney is crucial in the long-term regulation of blood pressure. The development of hypertension and kidney damage is well-documented in many well-characterized animal models of hypertension. Attenuating the development and severity of hypertension prevents the development of end-organ damage. Hypertensive nephrosclerosis is a non-specific clinical diagnosis given to patients with chronic kidney disease, low-level proteinuria, and elevated blood pressure. Arterionephrosclerosis has been suggested as the clinical diagnosis of patients with chronic kidney disease and elevated blood pressure in the absence of diabetes or known genetic cause. In patients with a known genetic cause, the term glomerulosclerosis, preceded by the genetic cause, should used, for instance, APOL1-associated glomerulosclerosis, GSTM1-associated glomerulosclerosis. Increased sodium intake, inflammation, and oxidative stress are interrelated and important in the pathogenesis of hypertension and kidney disease. It is likely that hypertension and kidney disease may share the same causes.

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Acknowledgment

This work is supported, in part, by grants from the National Institutes of Health: HL023081, HL092196, HL068686, HL068686, and DK039308.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA

    Pedro A. Jose & Van Anthony M. Villar

  2. Department of Medicine and Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA

    Pedro A. Jose

  3. Department of Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA

    Pedro A. Jose & Van Anthony M. Villar

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  1. Pedro A. Jose
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Correspondence to Pedro A. Jose .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Georgetown University and VA Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA

    Vasilios Papademetriou

  2. Fourth Internal Medicine Department, Evangelismos State General Hospital, Athens, Greece

    Emmanuel A. Andreadis

  3. Fourth Internal Medicine Department, Evangelismos State General Hospital, Athens, Greece

    Charalampia Geladari

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Jose, P.A., Villar, V.A.M. (2019). Chronic Kidney Disease and Hypertension. In: Papademetriou, V., Andreadis, E., Geladari, C. (eds) Management of Hypertension. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92946-0_8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92946-0_8

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