Abstract
Kutlay addresses two interrelated research questions: What are the dynamics of reform cycles in reactive states? When and how economic crises lead to paradigmatic reforms? The chapter makes an introduction to the political economy of contemporary Turkey and Greece to address these questions. The comparison of the Turkish and Greek cases poses interesting puzzles in addressing these main research questions. Despite weak state capacity in both cases and despite deep economic crises hit two countries, paradigmatic changes were initiated in Turkey, while an opposite trend prevailed in Greece. The chapter also introduces the logic of case selection and outlines the organization of chapters.
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- 1.
For earlier political economy reviews, see Stephan Haggard and Robert R. Kaufman, ed., The Politics of Economic Adjustment (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1992); Dani Rodrik, “Understanding Economic Policy Reform,” Journal of Economic Literature XXXIV (1996): 9–41. For a recent review, see Hal Hill, “The Political Economy of Policy Reform: Insights from Southeast Asia,” Asian Development Review 30, no. 1 (2013): 108–130.
- 2.
Peter Evans, “The Eclipse of the State? Reflections on Stateness in an Era of Globalization,” World Politics 50, no. 1 (1997): 62–87. For the importance of “state capacity,” see Ha-Joon Chang, Globalization, Economic Development and the Role of the State (London and New York: Zed Books, 2004).
- 3.
Linda Weiss, The Myth of the Powerless State: Governing the Economy in a Global Era (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1998); Ziya Öniş and Fikret Şenses, “Global Dynamics, Domestic Coalitions and Reactive State: Major Policy Shifts in Post-War Turkish Economic Development,” METU Studies in Development, no. 34 (2007): 251–286.
- 4.
- 5.
Olson decades ago pointed out that well-organized minority interests are overrepresented and diffuse majority interests are sidelined due to “free rider” problems. Mancur Olson, The Logic of Collective Action: Public Goods and the Theory of Groups (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1965).
- 6.
Öniş and Şenses, “Global Dynamics, Domestic Coalitions and Reactive State,” METU Studies in Development, 255, 261.
- 7.
Arjen Boin Allan McConnell and Paul ‘t Hart, Governing After Crisis: The Politics of Investigation, Accountability and Learning (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008), 5; Jeffrey W. Legro, “The Transformation of Policy Ideas,” American Journal of Political Science 44, no. 3 (2000): 419–432.
- 8.
Takis S. Pappas, “Why Greece Failed?” Journal of Democracy 24, no. 2 (2013): 31–45. Vassilis Monastiriotis and Andreas Antoniades, “Reform That! Greece’s Failing Reform Technology: Beyond ‘Vested Interests’ and ‘Political Exchange,’ ” in Stathis Kalyvas, George Pagoulatos, and Haris Tsoukas, eds., From Stagnation to Forced Adjustment: Reforms in Greece, 1974–2010 (London and New York: Hurst Co. and Columbia University Press, 2012), 31–47.
- 9.
Ersin Kalaycıoğlu, “Turkish Democracy: Patronage versus Governance,” Turkish Studies 2, no. 1 (2001): 54–70.
- 10.
Anastassios Chardas, “State Capacity and ‘Embeddedness’ in the Context of the European Union’s Regional Policy: The Case of Greece and the Third Community Support Framework (CSF),” Southeast European and Black Sea Studies 12, no. 2 (2012): 221–242.
- 11.
Pappas, “Why Greece Failed?” Journal of Democracy, 37–38.
- 12.
Kostas A. Lavdas, The Europeanization of Greece (Basingstoke: Macmillan Press, 1997).
- 13.
Öniş and Şenses, “Global Dynamics, Domestic Coalitions and Reactive State,” METU Studies in Development.
- 14.
Stella Ladi, “Austerity Politics and Administrative Reform: The Eurozone Crisis and Its Impact upon Greek Public Administration,” Comparative European Politics 12, no. 2 (2014): 202.
- 15.
James Mahoney and Dietrich Rueschemeyer, Comparative Historical Analysis in the Social Sciences (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003).
- 16.
Alexander L. George and Andrew Bennett, Case Studies and Theory Development in the Social Sciences (Cambridge: MIT Press, 2005).
- 17.
Sidney Tarrow, “Bridging the Quantitative-Qualitative Debate in Political Science,” American Political Science Review 89, no. 2 (1995): 471–474.
- 18.
George and Bennett, Case Studies and Theory Development, 206.
References
Boin, Arjen, Allan McConnell, and Paul ‘t Hart. Governing After Crisis: The Politics of Investigation, Accountability and Learning. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008.
Chang, Ha-Joon. Globalization, Economic Development and the Role of the State. London and New York: Zed Books, 2004.
Chardas, Anastassios. “State Capacity and ‘Embeddedness’ in the Context of the European Union’s Regional Policy: The Case of Greece and the Third Community Support Framework (CSF).” Southeast European and Black Sea Studies 12, no. 2 (2012): 221–242.
Evans, Peter. “The Eclipse of the State? Reflections on Stateness in an Era of Globalization”. World Politics 50, no. 1 (1997): 62–87.
George, Alexander L., and Andrew Bennett. Case Studies and Theory Development in the Social Sciences. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2005.
Haggard, Stephan, and Robert R. Kaufman, eds. The Politics of Economic Adjustment. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1992.
Hill, Hal. “The Political Economy of Policy Reform: Insights from Southeast Asia.” Asian Development Review 30, no. 1 (2013): 108–130.
Kalaycıoğlu, Ersin. “Turkish Democracy: Patronage versus Governance.” Turkish Studies 2, no. 1 (2001): 54–70.
Ladi, Stella. “Austerity Politics and Administrative Reform: The Eurozone Crisis and Its Impact upon Greek Public Administration.” Comparative European Politics 12, no. 2 (2014): 184–208.
Lavdas, Kostas. The Europeanization of Greece. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 1997.
Legro, Jeffrey W. “The Transformation of Policy Ideas.” American Journal of Political Science 44, no. 3 (2000): 419–432.
Mahoney, James, and Dietrich Rueschemeyer. Comparative Historical Analysis in the Social Sciences. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.
Monastiriotis, Vassilis, and Andreas Antoniades. “Reform That! Greece’s Failing Reform Technology: Beyond ‘Vested Interests’ and ‘Political Exchange’.” In From Stagnation To Forced Adjustment: Reforms In Greece, 1974–2010, edited by Stathis Kalyvas, George Pagoulatos, and Haris Tsoukas, 31–47. London and New York: Hurst Co. and Columbia University Press, 2012.
Öniş, Ziya, and Fikret Şenses. Global Dynamics, Domestic Coalitions and Reactive State: Major Policy Shifts in Post-War Turkish Economic Development METU Studies in Development, no. 34 (2007): 251–286.
Pappas, Takis S. “Why Greece Failed?” Journal of Democracy 24, no. 2 (2013): 31–45.
Rodrik, Dani. “Understanding Economic Policy Reform.” Journal of Economic Literature XXXIV (1996): 9–41.
Tarrow, Sidney. “Bridging the Quantitative-Qualitative Debate in Political Science.” American Political Science Review 89, no. 2 (1995): 471–474.
Weiss, Linda. The Myth of the Powerless State: Governing the Economy in a Global Era. Cambridge: Polity Press, 1998.
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Kutlay, M. (2019). Introduction. In: The Political Economies of Turkey and Greece. International Political Economy Series. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92789-3_1
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