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Bioerosion

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Mesophotic Coral Ecosystems

Part of the book series: Coral Reefs of the World ((CORW,volume 12))

Abstract

The study of bioerosion, a widespread process greatly impacting reef biodiversity, structural complexity, and sediment production, has largely focused on shallow-water reefs with no review of this process in deeper environments. In this first synthesis of bioerosion literature for mesophotic reefs (subtropical and tropical ecosystems in low-light conditions at depths of ~30 to 150 m), we show that the distribution of key bioeroder taxa, their abundances, and overall bioerosion rates are considerably different on mesophotic reefs compared to their shallow-water counterparts. In particular, carbonate grazing and phototrophic microboring rates decline with depth from shallow to mesophotic reefs. In the absence of significant erosive action by grazers, sponges are hypothesized as the primary long-term bioeroders on lower mesophotic reefs (60–150 m) and possibly on some upper mesophotic reefs (30–60 m). Given these factors, we postulate that mesophotic reef substrates experience slower bioerosion rates and lose less carbonate than shallower reefs over the same timeframe. This likely stems from differences in photosynthetically active radiation and other factors such as temperature, sedimentation, bioeroder food abundance and quality, substrate characteristics, and exposure time for bioerosion. There is a critical need to document mesophotic bioeroders via taxonomic inventories, as well as quantify their bioerosion rates across mesophotic depths in terms of specific bioeroder guilds using experimental substrates. These data will aid management efforts to maintain positive net carbonate budgets on mesophotic reefs, ensuring that sufficient three-dimensional structure is available to support biodiversity at mesophotic depths.

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Acknowledgments

This chapter is dedicated to the memory of Robert Ginsburg, who was an early pioneer advocating mesophotic reef research, as well as a great inspiration, mentor, teacher, and friend. We thank the editors for inviting us to contribute to this important book. Special thanks to Christine Schönberg for providing critical suggestions, edits, and detailed review and to Clark Sherman and William Kiene for reviewing earlier versions of this chapter and suggesting improvements. Alan Weinstein provided editorial review. We also greatly appreciate the constructive comments and suggestions for improving this chapter from Peter Glynn, Chris Perry, Stjepko Golubic, and an anonymous reviewer. USVI funding (to DKW) was provided by the National Science Foundation (NSF), the Geological Society of America, Sigma Xi, ExxonMobil, the Academy of Underwater Arts and Sciences, the RSMAS Graduate Student Fund, the University of Miami Center for Latin American Studies, and the Leonard and Jayne Abess/Citizens Board. Support was also provided by a Zuckerman STEM Postdoctoral Scholarship (DKW). A Sigma Xi Grants-in-Aid of Research (to RLM) and awards from the NSF (BIO-OCE 1635798 and 1800914 to AMSC) also supported this work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Fredy & Nadine Herrmann Institute of Earth Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel

    David K. Weinstein

  2. The Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences in Eilat, Eilat, Israel

    David K. Weinstein

  3. Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA

    David K. Weinstein

  4. Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA

    Rebecca L. Maher & Adrienne M. S. Correa

  5. Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA

    Rebecca L. Maher

Authors
  1. David K. Weinstein
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  2. Rebecca L. Maher
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  3. Adrienne M. S. Correa
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to David K. Weinstein .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, School of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

    Yossi Loya

  2. National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Silver Spring, MD, USA

    Kimberly A. Puglise

  3. Biodiversity and Geosciences Program, Museum of Tropical Queensland, Queensland Museum Network, Townsville, QLD, Australia

    Tom C.L. Bridge

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Weinstein, D.K., Maher, R.L., Correa, A.M.S. (2019). Bioerosion. In: Loya, Y., Puglise, K., Bridge, T. (eds) Mesophotic Coral Ecosystems. Coral Reefs of the World, vol 12. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92735-0_43

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