Abstract
In this chapter, the story of the schoolroom at the nineteenth-century Spring Street Presbyterian Church in New York City begins the exploration of children, childhood, and bioarchaeology. This chapter surveys what is known about the church and the importance of children in the church during the early nineteenth century. It also introduces the four underground burial vaults that were discovered in 2006 and some 200 commingled individuals that were excavated from the site. Finally, this chapter sets up the theoretical framework explored throughout the rest of the monograph, which includes embodiment, life course analysis, and, importantly, social age categories for examining a range of childhoods. An argument is made for a more nuanced approach to childhood through social bioarchaeology and careful historical analysis.
Bioarchaeology can successfully address complex questions about past children’s lives, experiences, and impact on their community. Using these multiple lines of evidence and nuanced interpretation of the available data, the children of the past are finally “seen” and “heard.”
—Thomson et al. (2014), p. 11
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
Thank you to Alanna Warner-Smith for this insight.
- 2.
Special thank you to Tony Chamoun for talking through this insight with me.
References
(1823). Celebration of a Sunday School Establishment. American Sunday-School Teachers’ Magazine and Journal of Education, 1, 29.
(1834). Attack on Tappan’s Store Journal of Commerce, July 12, New York City.
(1874). The Spring Street Church. The New York Times, New York City.
Agarwal, S. C. (2016). Bone morphologies and histories: Life course approaches in bioarchaeology. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 159, 130–149.
Agarwal, S., & Beauchesne, P. (2011). It is not carved in bone: Development and plasticity of the aged skeleton. In S. Agarwal & B. Glencross (Eds.), Social bioarchaeology. West Sussex: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Alexander, S. (1887). The Presbytery of New York, 1738 to 1888. New York City: Anson D.F. Randolph and Company.
Baxter, J. (2005). The archaeology of childhood: Children, gender, and material culture. Walnut Creek: AltaMira Press.
Baxter, J. (2006). Making space for children in archaeological interpretations. Archeological Papers of the American Anthropological Association., 15(1), 77–88. (2006. https://doi.org/10.1525/ap3a.2005.15.77.
Bourdieu, P. (1977). Outline of a theory of practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Camp, S. (2008). One size does not fit all: Size and scale in the archaeological interpretation of “child-related” artifacts. Anthropology Newsletter, 49(4), 10–11 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1525/an.2008.49.4.10.
Cox, A. (1836). Letter to the female anti-slavery Society of Boston. November 19.
Ellis, M. A. B. (2019). Still life: A bioarchaeological portrait of fetal remains buried at the Spring Street Presbyterian Church. Historical Archaeology, 54(3).
Farquhar, J., & Lock, M. (2007). Introduction. In M. Lock & J. Farquhar (Eds.), Beyond the body proper: Reading the anthropology of material life (pp. 1–18). Durham: Duke University Press.
Finlay, N. (1997). Kid knapping: The missing children in lithic analysis. In J. Moore & E. Scott (Eds.), Invisible people and processes: Writing gender and childhood into European archaeology (pp. 203–2012). New York: Leicester University Press.
Gilchrist, R. (2012). Medieval life: Archaeology and the life course. Woodbridge: Boydell Press.
Grimm, L. (2000). Apprentice Flintknapping: Relating material culture and social practice in the Upper Paleolithic. In J. Sofaer Derevenski (Ed.), Children and material culture (pp. 53–71). New York: Routledge.
Hare, J. B. (2002 [1843]). The New England primer. Boston: Massachusetts Sabbath School Society. http://www.sacred-texts.com/chr/nep/nep06.htm. Accessed 20 November 2017.
Havens, C. (2013 [1920]). Diary of a little girl in old New York. New York: Henry Collins Brown. http://www.merrycoz.org/havens/HAVENS.HTM. Accessed 20 November 2017.
Inglis, R., & Halcrow, S. (2018). The bioarchaeology of childhood: Theoretical development in the field. In P. Beauchesne & S. Argarwal (Eds.), Children and childhood in bioarchaeology (pp. 33–60). Florida: University of Florida Press.
Kamp, K. (2010). Making children legitimate: Negotiating the place of children and childhoods in archaeology theory. Paper presentation at the archaeology of childhood conference in Buffalo, New York.
Kamp, K., Timmerman, N., Lind, G., Graybill, J., & Natowsky, I. (1999). Discovering childhood: Using fingerprints to find children in the archaeological record. American Antiquity, 64(2), 309–315 (1999). https://doi.org/10.2307/2694281.
Levy, J. (2007). Gender, heterarchy, and hierarchy. In S. Milledge (Ed.), Women in antiquity: Theoretical approaches to gender and archaeology (pp. 189–216). Lanham: AltaMira Press.
Lewis, M. (2007). The bioarchaeology of children: Perspectives from biological and forensic anthropology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Lewis, M. (2018). Paleopathology of children: Identification of pathological conditions in the human skeletal remains of non-adults. London: Academic.
Lillehammer, G. (1989). A child is born: The child’s world in an archaeological perspective. Norwegian Archaeological Review, 22, 89–105 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1080/00293652.
Ludlow, H. (1832). Letter to Phoebe, January 18th. Box 2, Frey family papers. Cooperstown: Fenimore Art Museum Research Library.
Ludlow, H. (n.d.). Fellow citizens and friends of the Sabbath school. Box 2, Frey family papers. Cooperstown: Fenimore Art Museum Research Library.
Ludlow, H. (1834). Letter. The Liberator August 9, New York City.
Mays, S., Gowland, R., Halcrow, S., & Murphy, E. (2017). Child bioarchaeology: Perspectives on the past 10 years. Childhood in the Past, 10(1), 38–56 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1080/17585716.2017.1301066.
Meade, E. (2007). Topic intensive documentary study: Spring Street Presbyterian Church. New York: AKRF.
Moment, A. (1886). The seventy-fifth anniversary of Old Spring Street Presbyterian Church, New York City: The sermon and the services. New York: Spring Street Presbyterian Church.
Morin, E. (2010). Introduction: Archaeological and forensic investigations of an abolitionist Church in New York City. Northeast Historical Archaeology, 39, 1–7.
Novak, S. (2017). Corporeal congregations and asynchronous lives: Unpacking the pews at Spring Street. American Anthropologist, 119(2), 236–252 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1111/aman.12883.
Novak, S., & Watson C. (n.d.). New York City death records, volumes 4 and 5. Salt Lake City: The Family History Library of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
Park, R. (2005). Growing up north: Exploring the archaeology of childhood in the Thule and Dorset cultures of artic Canada. Archeological Papers of the American Anthropological Association, 15(1), 53–64 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1525/ap3a.2005.15.53.
Reitano, J. (2006). The Restless City: A short history of New York from colonial times to the present. New York: Routledge Press.
Shilling, C. (2008). Changing bodies: Habit, crisis, and creativity. Los Angeles: Sage Publications.
Sofaer, J. (2006). The body as material culture: A theoretical osteoarchaeology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Sofaer, J. (2011). Towards a social bioarchaeology of age. In S. Agarwal & B. Glencross (Eds.), Social bioarchaeology (pp. 285–311). West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell.
Thomson, J., Crandall, J., & Alfonso, M. (2014). Introduction. In J. Thomson, M. Alfonso, & J. Crandall (Eds.), Tracing childhood: Bioarchaeological investigations of early lives in antiquity (pp. 1–16). Gainesville: University of Florida Press.
Urcid, J., & Byrd B. (1995). Physical anthropology laboratory manual. Technical reports no. 45. Washington, DC: Repatriation Office, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution.
Watkins, R., & Muller, J. (2015). Repositioning the Cobb human archive: The merger of a skeletal collection and its texts. American Journal of Human Biology, 27, 41–50 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.22650.
Werner, W., & Novak, S. (2010). Archaeologies of disease and public order in nineteenth-century New York: The view from Spring and Varick. Northeast Historical Archaeology, 39, 97–119.
White, R., & Mooney, D. (2010). Stories from the rubble: The archaeological findings from the Spring Street Presbyterian Church vaults. Northeast Historical Archaeology, 39, 40–64.
Wilkie, L. (2000). Not merely child’s play: Creating a historical archaeology of children and childhood. In J. Sofaer Derevenski (Ed.), Children and material culture (pp. 100–113). New York: Routledge.
Wilson, S. (1999). When we were very young. Natural History, 108, 58–62.
Winne, C. K. (1828). Frey Family Papers, Coll. 161. Cooperstown, NY: Fenimore Art Museum Library.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Ellis, M.A.B. (2019). Introduction. In: The Children of Spring Street. Bioarchaeology and Social Theory. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92687-2_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92687-2_1
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-92686-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-92687-2
eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)