Abstract
Functional surfaces and interfaces possessing wetting/dewetting properties which change reversibly and repeatably in response to various external stimuli have attracted considerable attention lately because of their great potential in a wide variety of engineering fields, practical applications, and basic research. Different types of these smart surfaces/interfaces, on which chemical compositions and/or surface structures can be arbitrarily controlled by different external stimuli, such as pH, temperature, light, solvent, mechanical stress, electric/magnetic fields and so on, have been successfully prepared by various methods. This chapter will give an introduction to the basic theories of surface wetting/dewetting properties, including static/dynamic contact angles (CAs), CA hysteresis, Young’s, Wenzel’s, and Cassie-Baxter’s equations, and in addition, typical examples and applications of stimuli-responsive wetting/dewetting smart surfaces and interfaces are also described.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Agarwal S, Greiner A, Wendorff JH (2013) Functional materials by electrospinning of polymers. Prog Polym Sci 38:963–991
Alayande SO, Dare EO, Msagati TAM, Akinlabi AK, Aiyedun PO (2016) Superhydrophobic and superoleophillic surface of porous beaded electrospun polystrene and polysytrene-zeolite fiber for crude oil-water separation. Phys Chem Earth 92:7–13
Arslan O, Aytac Z, Uyar T (2016) Superhydrophobic, hybrid, electrospun cellulose acetate nanofibrous mats for oil/water separation by tailored surface modification. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 8:19747–19754
Barbey R, Lavanant L, Paripovic D, Schüwer N, Sugnaux C, Tugulu S, Klok HA (2009) Polymer brushes via surface-initiated controlled radical polymerization: synthesis, characterization, properties, and applications. Chem Rev 109:5437–5527
Bhardwaj N, Kundu SC (2010) Electrospinning: a fascinating fiber fabrication technique. Biotechnol Adv 28:325–347
Bhushan B, Jung YC (2011) Natural and biomimetic artificial surfaces for superhydrophobicity, self-cleaning, low adhesion, and drag reduction. Prog Mater Sci 56:1–108
Bodre C, Pauporte T (2009) Nanostructured ZnO-based surface with reversible electrochemically adjustable wettability. Adv Mater 21:697–701
Brown PS, Bhushan B (2016) Durable, superoleophobic polymer–nanoparticle composite surfaces with re-entrant geometry via solvent-induced phase transformation. Sci Rep 6:21048
Byun J, Shin J, Kwon S, Jang S, Kim JK (2012) Fast and reversibly switchable wettability induced by a photothermal effect. Chem Commun 48:9278–9280
Cassie ABD, Baxter S (1944) Wettability of porous surfaces. Trans Faraday Soc 40:546–551
Che H, Huo M, Peng L, Fang T, Liu N, Feng L, Wei Y, Yuan J (2015) Co2-responsive nanofibrous membranes with switchable oil/water wettability. Angew Chem Int Ed 54:8934–8938
Chen W, Fadeev AY, Hsieh MC, Öner D, Youngblood J, McCarthy TJ (1999) Ultrahydrophobic and ultralyophobic surfaces: some comments and examples. Langmuir 15:3395–3399
Chen L, Liu MJ, Lin L, Zhang T, Ma J, Song YL, Jiang L (2010) Thermal-responsive hydrogel surface: tunable wettability and adhesion to oil at the water/solid interface. Soft Matter 6:2708–2712
Cheng DF, Urata C, Yagihashi M, Hozumi A (2012a) A statically oleophilic but dynamically oleophobic smooth nonperfluorinated surface. Angew Chem Int Ed 51:2956–2959
Cheng DF, Urata C, Masheder B, Hozumi A (2012b) A physical approach to specifically improve the mobility of alkane liquid drops. J Am Chem Soc 134:10191–10199
Cheng Z, Lai H, Zhang NQ, Sun KN, Jiang L (2012c) Magnetically induced reversible transition between cassie and wenzel states of superparamagnetic microdroplets on highly hydrophobic silicon surface. J Phys Chem C 116:18796–18802
Chung JY, Youngblood JP, Stafford CM (2007) Anisotropic wetting on tunable micro-wrinkled surface. Soft Matter 3:1163–1169
Cooper CGF, MacDonald JC, Soto E, McGimpsey WG (2004) Non-covalent assembly of a photoswitchable surface. J Am Chem Soc 126:1032–1033
Crevoisier GD, Fabre P, Corpart JM, Leibler L (1999) Switchable tackiness and wettability of a liquid crystalline polymer. Science 285:1246–1249
Decher G (1997) Fuzzy nanoassemblies: toward layered polymeric multicomposites. Science 277:1232–1237
Delorme N, Bardeau JF, Bulou A, Poncin-Epaillard F (2005) Azobenzene-containing monolayer with photoswitchable wettability. Langmuir 21:12278–12282
Deng X, Mammen L, Butt HJ, Vollmer D (2012) Candle soot as a template for a transparent robust superamphiphobic coating. Science 335:67–70
Ding B, Wang M, Wang X, Yu J, Sun G (2010) Electrospun nanomaterials for ultrasensitive sensors. Mater Today 13:16–27
Doshi J, Reneker DH (1995) Electrospinning process and applications of electrospun fibers. J Electrost 35:151–160
Driscoll PF, Purohit N, Wanichacheva N, Lambert CR, McGimpsey WG (2007) Reversible photoswitchable wettability in noncovalently assembled multilayered films. Langmuir 23:13181–13187
Dunderdale GJ, Urata C, Miranda DF, Hozumi A (2014) Large-scale and environmentally friendly synthesis of pH-responsive oil-repellent polymer brush surfaces under ambient conditions. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 6:11864–11868
Dunderdale GJ, Urata C, Sato T, England MW, Hozumi A (2015) Continuous, high-speed, and efficient oil/water separation using meshes with antagonistic wetting properties. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 7:18915–18919
Fang W, Liu L, Li T, Dang Z, Qiao C, Xu J, Wang Y (2016) Electrospun N-substituted polyurethane membranes with self-healing ability for self-cleaning and oil/water separation. Chem-Eur J 22:878–883
Feng X, Jiang L (2006) Design and creation of superwetting/antiwetting surfaces. Adv Mater 18:3063–3078
Feng C, Zhang Y, Jin J, Song Y, Xie L, Qu G, Jiang L, Zhu D (2001) Reversible wettability of photoresponsive fluorine-containing azobenzene polymer in Langmuir-Blodgett films. Langmuir 17:4593–4597
Feng XJ, Feng L, Jin MH, Zhai J, Jiang L, Zhu DB (2004) Reversible super-hydrophobicity to super-hydrophilicity transition of aligned ZnO nanorod films. J Am Chem Soc 126:62–63
Feng XJ, Zhai J, Jiang L (2005) The fabrication and switchable superhydrophobicity of TiO2 nanorod films. Angew Chem Int Ed 44:5115–5118
Forsberg PSH, Priest C, Brinkmann M, Sedev R, Ralston J (2010) Contact line pinning on microstructured surfaces for liquids in the Wenzel state. Langmuir 26:860–865
Fu Q, Rao GVR, Basame SB, Keller DJ, Artyushkova K, Fulghum JE, López GP (2004) Reversible control of free energy and topography of nanostructured surfaces. J Am Chem Soc 126:8904–8905
Furmidge CGL (1962) Studies at phase interfaces. I. The sliding of liquid drops on solid surfaces and a theory for spray retention. J Colloid Sci 17:309–324
Gao L, McCarthy TJ (2006a) The “lotus effect” explained: two reasons why two length scales of topography are important. Langmuir 22:2966–2967
Gao L, McCarthy TJ (2006b) Contact angle hysteresis explained. Langmuir 22:6234–6237
Gao L, McCarthy TJ (2009) Wetting 101°. Langmuir 25:14105–14115
Gondal MA, Sadullah MS, Dastageer MA, McKinley GH, Panchanathan D, Varanasi KK (2014) Study of factors governing oil-water separation process using TiO2 films prepared by spray deposition of nanoparticle dispersions. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 6:13422–13429
Grigoryev A, Tokarev I, Kornev KG, Luzinov I, Minko S (2012) Superomniphobic magnetic microtextures with remote wetting control. J Am Chem Soc 134:12916–12919
Guo F, Guo Z (2016) Inspired smart materials with external stimuli responsive wettability: a review. RSC Adv 6:36623–36641
Han ZJ, Tay B, Tan C, Shakerzadeh M, Ostrikov K (2009) Electrowetting control of cassie-to-wenzel transitions in superhydrophobic carbon nanotube-based nanocomposites. ACS Nano 3:3031–3036
Hozumi A, Takai O (1997) Preparation of ultra water-repellent films by microwave plasma-enhanced CVD. Thin Solid Film 303:222–225
Huang ZM, Zhang YZ, Kotaki M, Ramakrishna S (2003) Compos Sci Technol 63:2223–2253
Huang M, Si Y, Tang X, Zhu Z, Ding B, Liu L, Zheng G, Luo W, Yu J (2013) Gravity driven separation of emulsified oil-water mixtures utilizing in situ polymerized superhydrophobic and superoleophilic nanofibrous membranes. J Mater Chem A 1:14071–14074
Huang X, Sun YJ, Soh S (2015) Stimuli-responsive surfaces for tunable and reversible control of wettability. Adv Mater 27:4062–4068
Huber DL, Manginell RP, Samara MA, Kim BI, Bunker BC (2003) Programmed adsorption and release of proteins in a microfluidic device. Science 301:352–354
Jain P, Baker GL, Bruening ML (2009) Applications of polymer brushes in protein analysis and purification. Annu Rev Anal Chem 2:387–408
Jin M, Feng X, Feng L, Sun T, Zhai J, Li T, Jiang L (2005) Superhydrophobic aligned polystyrene nanotube films with high adhesive force. Adv Mater 17:1977–1981
Jin CF, Yan RS, Huang JG (2011) Cellulose substance with reversible photo-responsive wettability by surface modification. J Mater Chem 21:17519–17525
Jones DM, Huck WTS (2001) Controlled surface-initiated polymerizations in aqueous media. Adv Mater 13:1256–1259
Kakade B, Mehta R, Durge A, Kulkarni S, Pillai V (2008) Electric field induced, superhydrophobic to superhydrophilic switching in multiwalled carbon nanotube papers. Nano Lett 8:2693–2696
Kawasaki K (1960) Study of wettability of polymers by sliding of water drop. J Colloid Sci 15:402–407
Kim YJ, Ebara M, Aoyagi T (2012) A smart nanofiber web that captures and releases cells. Angew Chem Int Ed 51:10537–10541
Kim YJ, Ebara M, Aoyagi T (2013) A smart hyperthermia nanofiber with switchable drug release for inducing cancer apoptosis. Adv Funct Mater 23:5753–5761
Koenig M, Magerl D, Philipp M, Eichhorn KJ, Müller M, Müller Buschaum P, Stamm M, Uhlmann P (2014) Nanocomposite coatings with stimuli-responsive catalytic activity. RSC Adv 4:17579–17586
Kota AK, Kwon G, Choi W, Mabry JM, Tuteja A (2012) Hygro-responsive membranes for effective oil-water separation. Nat Commun 3:1025
Kota AK, Kwon G, Tuteja A (2014) The design and applications of superomniphobic surfaces. NPG Asia Mater 6:e109
Krupenkin TN, Taylor JA, Wang EN, Kolodner P, Hodes M, Salamon TR (2007) Reversible wetting-dewetting transitions on electrically tunable superhydrophobic nanostructured surfaces. Langmuir 23:9128–9133
Lafuma A, Qéré D (2003) Superhydrophobic states. Nat Mater 2:457–460
Lahann J, Mitragotri S, Tran TN, Kaido H, Sundaram J, Choi IS, Hoffer S, Somorjai GA, Langer R (2003) A reversibly switching surface. Science 299:371–374
Lee KH, Kim HY, Khil MS, Ra YM, Lee DR (2003) Characterization of nano-structured poly(ε-caprolactone) nonwoven mats via electrospinning. Polymer 44:1287–1294
Li D, Xia Y (2004) Electrospinning of nanofibers: reinventing the wheel? Adv Mater 16:1151–1170
Li C, Guo RW, Jiang X, Hu SX, Li L, Cao XY, Yang H, Song YL, Ma YM, Jiang L (2009) Reversible switching of water-droplet mobility on a superhydrophobic surface based on a phase transition of a side-chain liquid-crystal polymer. Adv Mater 21:4254–4258
Li X, Hu D, Huang K, Yang C (2014a) Hierarchical rough surfaces formed by LBL self-assembly for oil-water separation. J Mater Chem A 2:11830–11838
Li N, Thia L, Wang X (2014b) A CO2-responsive surface with an amidine-terminated self-assembled monolayer for stimuli-induced selective adsorption. Chem Commun 50:4003–4006
Li JJ, Zhou YN, Jiang ZD, Luo ZH (2016a) Electrospun fibrous mat with pH-switchable superwettability that can separate layered oil/water mixtures. Langmuir 32:13358–13366
Li JJ, Zhu LT, Luo ZH (2016b) Electrospun fibrous mat with pH-switchable superwettability that can separate layered oil/water mixtures. Chem Eng J 287:474–481
Lim HS, Han JT, Kwak D, Jin M, Cho K (2006) Photoreversibly switchable superhydrophobic surface with erasable and rewritable pattern. J Am Chem Soc 128:14458–14459
Lin P, Yang S (2009) Mechanically switchable wetting on wrinkled elastomers with dual-scale roughness. Soft Matter 5:1011–1018
Liu CT, Liu YL (2016) pH-induced switches of the oil- and water-selectivity of crosslinked polymeric membranes for gravity-driven oil-water separation. J Mater Chem A 4:13543–13548
Liu Y, Mu L, Liu BH, Kong JL (2005) Controlled switchable surface. Chem-Eur J 11:2622–2631
Liu FM, Pang J, Wang CY, Wang LY (2013) Solvent-responsive wettability of self-assembled monolayers of dithiooctanoic acid derivatives bearing N,N-disubstituted amide groups. Langmuir 29:13003–13007
Liu H, Zhang X, Wang S, Jiang L (2015) Underwater thermoresponsive surface with switchable oil-wettability between superoleophobicity and superoleophilicity. Small 11:3338–3342
Lu YM, Sarshar MA, Du K, Chou T, Choi CH, Sukhishvili SA (2013) Large-amplitude, reversible, pH-triggered wetting transitions enabled by layer-by-layer films. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 5:12617–12623
Ma W, Zhang Q, Hua D, Xiong R, Zhao J, Rao W, Huang S, Zhan X, Chen F, Huang C (2016a) Electrospun fibers for oil-water separation. RSC Adv 6:12868–12884
Ma W, Zhang Q, Samal SK, Wang F, Gao B, Pan H, Xu H, Yao J, Zhan X, De Smedt SC, Huang C (2016b) Core-sheath structured electrospun nanofibrous membranes for oil-water separation. RSC Adv 6:41861–41870
Marmur A (2003) Wetting on hydrophobic rough surfaces: to be heterogeneous or not to be? Langmuir 19:8343–8348
Matyjaszewski K, Tsarevsky N (2009) Nanostructured functional materials prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization. Nat Chem 1:276–288
Megelski S, Stephens JS, Bruce Chase D, Rabolt JF (2002) Micro- and nanostructured surface morphology on electrospun polymer fibers. Macromolecules 35:8456–8466
Minko S, Müller M, Motornov M, Nitschke M, Grundke K, Stamm M (2003) Two-level structured self-adaptive surfaces with reversibly tunable properties. J Am Chem Soc 125:3896–3900
Misra M, Singh N, Gupta RK (2017) Enhanced visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity of Au@Ag core-shell bimetallic nanoparticles immobilized on electrospun TiO2 nanofibers for degradation of organic compounds. Cat Sci Technol 7:570–580
Motornov M, Minko S, Eichhorn KJ, Nitschke M, Simon F, Stamm M (2003) Reversible tuning of wetting behavior of polymer surface with responsive polymer brushes. Langmuir 19:8077–8085
Mugele F, Baret JC (2005) Electrowetting: from basics to applications. J Phys Condens Matter 17:705–774
Ning LQ, Xu NK, Wang R, Liu Y (2015) Fibrous membranes electrospun from the suspension polymerization product of styrene and butyl acrylate for oil-water separation. RSC Adv 5:57101–57113
Nosonovsky M (2007) Multiscale roughness and stability of superhydrophobic biomimetic interfaces. Langmuir 23:3157–3161
Obaid M, Tolba GMK, Motlak M, Fadali OA, Khalil KA, Almajid AA, Kim B, Barakat NAM (2015a) Effective polysulfone-amorphous SiO2 NPs electrospun nanofiber membrane for high flux oil/water separation. Chem Eng J 279:631–638
Obaid M, Barakat NAM, Fadali OA, Al-Meer S, Elsaid K, Khalil KA (2015b) Stable and effective super-hydrophilic polysulfone nanofiber mats for oil/water separation. Polymer 72:125–133
Onda T, Shibuichi S, Satoh N, Tsujii K (1996) Super-water-repellent fractal surfaces. Langmuir 12:2125–2127
Pan S, Kota AK, Mabry JM, Tuteja A (2013) Superomniphobic surfaces for effective chemical shielding. J Am Chem Soc 135:578–581
Qiu Y, Park K (2001) Environment-sensitive hydrogels for drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 53:321–339
Ramakrishna S, Fujihara K, Teo WE, Yong T, Ma Z, Ramaseshan R (2006) Electrospun nanofibers: solving global issues. Mater Today 9:40–50
Rosario R, Gust D, Hayes M, Jahnke F, Springer J, Garcia AA (2002) Photon-modulated wettability changes on spiropyran-coated surfaces. Langmuir 18:8062–8069
Sarbatly R, Krishnaiah D, Kamin Z (2016) A review of polymer nanofibres by electrospinning and their application in oil-water separation for cleaning up marine oil spills. Mar Pollut Bull 106:8–16
Simakova A, Averick SE, Konkolewicz D, Matyjaszewski K (2012) Aqueous ARGET ATRP. Macromolecules 45:6371–6379
Singh N, Mondal K, Misra M, Sharma A, Gupta RK (2016) Quantum dot sensitized electrospun mesoporous titanium dioxide hollow nanofibers for photocatalytic applications. RSC Adv 6:48109–48119
Song XY, Cao MW, Han YC, Wang YL, Kwak JCT (2007) Adsorption of hydrophobically modified poly(acrylamide)-co-(acrylic acid) on an amino-functionalized surface and its response to the external solvent environment. Langmuir 23:4279–4285
Sun TL, Qing GY (2011) Biomimetic smart interface materials for biological applications. Adv Mater 23:H57–H77
Sun RD, Nakajima A, Fujishima A, Watanabe T, Hashimoto K (2001) Photoinduced surface wettability conversion of ZnO and TiO2 thin films. J Phys Chem B 105:1984–1990
Sun T, Wang G, Feng L, Liu B, Ma Y, Jiang L, Zhu D (2004) Reversible switching between superhydrophilicity and superhydrophobicity. Angew Chem Int Ed 43:357–360
Tai MH, Gao P, Tan BYL, Sun DD, Leckie JO (2014) Highly efficient and flexible electrospun carbon-silica nanofibrous membrane for ultrafast gravity-driven oil-water separation. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 6:9393–9401
Tian Y, Su B, Jiang L (2014) Interfacial material system exhibiting superwettability. Adv Mater 26:6872–6897
Tsujii K, Yamamoto T, Onda T, Shibuichi S (1997) Super oil-repellent surfaces. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 36:1011–1012
Tuteja A, Choi W, Ma ML, Mabry JM, Mazzella SA, Rutledge GC, McKinley GH, Cohen RE (2007) Designing superoleophobic surfaces. Science 318:1618–1622
Verho T, Bower C, Andrew P, Franssila S, Ikkala O, Ras RHA (2011) Mechanically durable superhydrophobic surface. Adv Mater 23:673–678
Wang Y, Bhushan B (2015) Wear-resistant and antismudge superoleophobic coating on polyethylene terephthalate substrate using SiO2 nanoparticles. ACS Appl Matter Interface 7:743–755
Wang B, Guo ZG (2013) pH-responsive bidirectional oil-water separation material. Chem Commun 49:9416–9418
Wang GY, Zhang TY (2012) Easy route to the wettability cycling of copper surface between superhydrophobicity and superhydrophilicity. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 4:273–279
Wang S, Feng X, Yao J, Jiang L (2006) Controlling wettability and photochromism in a dual-responsive tungsten oxide film. Angew Chem Int Ed 45:1264–1267
Wang X, Qing GG, Jiang L, Fuchs H, Sun TL (2009) Smart surface of water-induced superhydrophobicity. Chem Commun:2658–2660
Wang X, Ding B, Li B (2013) Biomimetic electrospun nanofibrous structures for tissue engineering. Mater Today 16:229–241
Wang Y, Lai C, Hu H, Liu Y, Fei B, Xin JH (2015) Temperature-responsive nanofibers for controllable oil/water separation. RSC Adv 5:51078–51085
Wang X, Yu J, Sun G, Ding B (2016a) Electrospun nanofibrous materials: a versatile medium for effective oil/water separation. Mater Today 19:403–414
Wang Y, Lai C, Wang X, Liu Y, Hu H, Guo Y, Ma K, Fei B, Xin JH (2016b) Beads-on-string structured nanofibers for smart and reversible oil/water separation with outstanding antifouling property. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 8:25612–25620
Wenzel RN (1936) Resistance of solid surfaces to wetting by water. Ind Eng Chem 28:988–994
Wong TS, Sun T, Feng L, Aizenberg J (2013) Interfacial materials with special wettability. MRS Bull 38:366–371
Wu ZL, Wei RB, Buguin A, Taulemesse J, Moigne NL, Bergeret A, Wang XG, Keller P (2013) Stimuli-responsive topological change of microstructured surfaces and the resultant variations of wetting properties. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 5:7485–7491
Xia F, Zhu Y, Feng L, Jiang L (2009) Smart responsive surfaces switching reversibly between super-hydrophobicity and super-hydrophilicity. Soft Matter 5:275–281
Xin B, Hao J (2010) Reversibly switchable wettability. Chem Soc Rev 39:769–782
Xu LY, Ye Q, Lu XM, Lu QH (2014) Electro-responsively reversible transition of polythiophene films from superhydrophobicity to superhydrophilicity. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 6:14736–14743
Yang J, Zhang ZZ, Men XH, Xu XH, Zhu XT, Zhou XY (2011a) Counterion exchange to achieve reversibly switchable hydrophobicity and oleophobicity on fabrics. Langmuir 27:7357–7360
Yang J, Zhang ZZ, Men XH, Xu XH, Zhu XT (2011b) Thermo-responsive surface wettability on a pristine carbon nanotube film. Carbon 49:19–23
Zhang JP, Seeger S (2011) Superoleophobic coatings with ultralow sliding angles based on silicone nanofilaments. Angew Chem Int Ed 50:6652–6656
Zhang J, Li J, Han Y (2004) Superhydrophobic PTFE surfaces by extension. Macromol Rapid Commun 25:1105–1108
Zhang JL, Lu XY, Huang WH, Han YC (2005) Reversible superhydrophobicity to superhydrophilicity transition by extending and unloading an elastic polyamide film. Macromol Rapid Commun 26:477–480
Zhang XT, Jin M, Liu ZY, Tryk DA, Nishimoto S, Murakami T, Fujishima A (2007) Superhydrophobic TiO2 surfaces: preparation, photocatalytic wettability conversion, and superhydrophobic−superhydrophilic patterning. J Phys Chem C 111:14521–14529
Zhang X, Guo Y, Zhang P, Wu Z, Zhang Z (2012) Superhydrophobic and superoleophilic nanoparticle film: synthesis and reversible wettability switching behavior. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 4:1742–1746
Zhang C, Li P, Cao B (2015) Electrospun microfibrous membranes based on PIM-1/POSS with high oil wettability for separation of oil-water mixtures and cleanup of oil soluble contaminants. Ind Eng Chem Res 54:8772–8781
Zhu W, Feng X, Feng L, Jiang L (2006) UV-manipulated wettability between superhydrophobicity and superhydrophilicity on a transparent and conductive SnO2 nanorod film. Chem Commun 26:2753–2755
Zhu Y, Li JM, He HY, Wan MX, Jiang L (2007) Reversible wettability switching of polyaniline-coated fabric, triggered by ammonia gas. Macromol Rapid Commun 28:2230–2236
Zhu W, Zhai J, Sun Z, Jiang L (2008) Ammonia responsive surface wettability switched on indium hydroxide films with micro- and nanostructures. J Phys Chem C 112:8338–8342
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Dunderdale, G.J., Hozumi, A. (2018). Introduction of Stimuli-Responsive Wetting/Dewetting Smart Surfaces and Interfaces. In: Hozumi, A., Jiang, L., Lee, H., Shimomura, M. (eds) Stimuli-Responsive Dewetting/Wetting Smart Surfaces and Interfaces. Biologically-Inspired Systems, vol 11. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92654-4_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92654-4_1
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-92653-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-92654-4
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)