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Targeted Phytochemical-Conjugated Gold Nanoparticles in Cancer Treatment

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Book cover Biotechnology Products in Everyday Life

Part of the book series: EcoProduction ((ECOPROD))

Abstract

Cancer is one of the most aggressive diseases whose prognosis remains bleak with current therapies. The tumor microenvironment plays a significant role in the proliferation and invasion of tumor cells. In the complex tumor microenvironment, there are several types of immune-suppressing infiltrating cells, which surround the tumor and promote tumor growth and metastasis. Prostate and pancreatic cancers display tumor-infiltrating immune cells, which differentiate into cells that promote each step of the metastatic cascade and therefore are considered as novel targets for therapy. Even though several chemotherapeutic drugs are in current use for treating these cancers, tumor microenvironment targeting immunotherapeutic drugs, with minimum systemic toxic effects, are needed to save human lives from various forms of cancers. We hypothesize a safe and effective nanoinitiated drug delivery system—‘Phytochemical-conjugated gold nanoparticles,’ which can inhibit the growth and proliferation of tumor cells without affecting normal cells and at the same time boost the capability of immune system to fight cancer. There are unprecedented opportunities to advance the treatment of cancer using nanotechnology. Among the vast majority of nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles show unique properties, such as large surface-to-volume ratio, small size in the nanorealm, tunable surface chemistry, and capable of drug encapsulation. The controlled and targeted drug delivery approach makes nanoparticles very selective and effective toward cancer growth inhibition. In this chapter, we discuss the synthesis and characterization of clove phytochemical-conjugated gold nanoparticles (CP-AuNPs) and their anticancer activity against prostate (PC-3) and pancreatic cancer (PANC-1) cell lines. The synthesis and full characterization of AuNPs were confirmed by various techniques including UV–Visible spectrophotometry, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and dynamic light-scattering (DLS) technique. We confirmed that AuNP treatment resulted in decreased cancer cell viability and enhancement in cellular internalization. These nanoparticles will navigate better to the complex tumor sites. This ‘Green Nanotechnology’ approach will be potentially effective compared to the current conventional cancer therapies.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the Institute of Green Nanotechnology for supporting this interdisciplinary research. We also thank the University of Missouri Departments of Radiology and School of Medicine for financial support.

Author Contributions

Menka Khoobchandani, Kavita K. Katti, and Kattesh V. Katti conceived and designed experiments, analyzed data, and edited the manuscript. Menka Khoobchandani performed the experiments, analyzed and observed the data, and wrote the paper. Kavita K. Katti and Alice Raphael Karikachery edited the manuscript. Velaphi C. Thipe reviewed the manuscript. Pierce L.R. Bloebaum analyzed and performed nanoparticles calculation.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA

    Menka Khoobchandani, Kavita K. Katti, Alice Raphael Karikachery, Velaphi C. Thipe & Kattesh V. Katti

  2. Departments of Physics, University of Missouri, 223 Physics Building, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA

    Pierce L. R. Bloebaum & Kattesh V. Katti

  3. Department of Mathematics, University of Missouri, 202 Math Sciences Building, 810 East Rollins Street, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA

    Pierce L. R. Bloebaum

  4. Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, 125 Chemistry Building, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA

    Velaphi C. Thipe

  5. Institute of Green Nanotechnology, University of Missouri, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA

    Menka Khoobchandani, Kavita K. Katti, Alice Raphael Karikachery, Velaphi C. Thipe, Pierce L. R. Bloebaum & Kattesh V. Katti

  6. University of Missouri Research Reactor (MURR), University of Missouri, 1513 Research Park Drive, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA

    Kattesh V. Katti

Authors
  1. Menka Khoobchandani
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  2. Kavita K. Katti
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  3. Alice Raphael Karikachery
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  4. Velaphi C. Thipe
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  5. Pierce L. R. Bloebaum
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  6. Kattesh V. Katti
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Menka Khoobchandani .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA

    Menka Khoobchandani

  2. AAPT Foundation, Aurangabad, India

    Arpita Saxena

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Khoobchandani, M., Katti, K.K., Karikachery, A.R., Thipe, V., Bloebaum, P., Katti, K.V. (2019). Targeted Phytochemical-Conjugated Gold Nanoparticles in Cancer Treatment. In: Khoobchandani, M., Saxena, A. (eds) Biotechnology Products in Everyday Life. EcoProduction. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92399-4_3

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