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Biodiversity and Disease Transmission

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The Connections Between Ecology and Infectious Disease

Part of the book series: Advances in Environmental Microbiology ((AEM,volume 5))

Abstract

Biodiversity changes associated with the anthropogenic alteration of natural environments have been hypothesized to enhance disease transmission and to facilitate the emergence of infectious diseases. This chapter reviews the various links that may occur between biodiversity and disease transmission on scales ranging from global to local and the likely ecological mechanisms. The consequences of land usage and land cover changes on disease transmission are formulated through the overall effects on biodiversity observed from long-term observatories. Habitat fragmentation should lead to reduced diversity of pathogen species and changes in pathogen prevalence as proposed by the “perturbation hypothesis.” However, habitat fragmentation that leads to increased edge, and increasing contacts between different communities of reservoirs and vectors, should increase disease transmission and pathogen prevalence according to the “pathogen pool diversity” hypothesis. Network analyses represent new tools to investigate disease transmission in a changing biodiversity context, i.e., changes in multiple hosts—multiple parasite interactions. Finally, this review advocates for manipulative experiments, theoretical studies, and long-term data collection in ecological observatories that will help in building scenarios of future health.

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Acknowledgments

This work was part of the BiodivHealthSEA project (http://www.biodivhealthsea.org) funded by the French ANR programme CP&ES (grant number ANR 11CPEL 002) and supported by the RTPI-CNRS INEE “Biodiversity, Health and Societies in Southeast Asia.”

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  1. CNRS-CIRAD Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand

    Serge Morand

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Correspondence to Serge Morand .

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    Christon J. Hurst

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This study was funded by French ANR project FutureHealthSEA (grant number ANR-17-CE35-0003-01).

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Serge Morand declares that he has no conflict of interest.

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This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by the author.

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Morand, S. (2018). Biodiversity and Disease Transmission. In: Hurst, C. (eds) The Connections Between Ecology and Infectious Disease. Advances in Environmental Microbiology, vol 5. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92373-4_2

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