Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

The Palgrave Handbook of Social Movements, Revolution, and Social Transformation pp 269–298Cite as

Palgrave Macmillan

Nationalism and Nationalist Movements in the Age of Neoliberal Globalization

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Abstract

Nationalism and nationalist movements have developed and spread around the world ever since the emergence of the nation-state as a product of the bourgeois revolutions in Europe in the transition from feudalism to capitalism in the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries. Since then, people around the world who never had an independent nation that they could call their own have fought under the banner of nationalism to free themselves from colonial and imperial bondage to become independent and launch a nation-state free of control and domination by powerful forces outside their national geographic territories. Thus, anti-imperialist struggles for national liberation and self-determination in the postcolonial era have resulted in the emergence of a series of independent nation-states on a global scale.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    This chapter consists of sections of my book Nationalism and Ethnic Conflict: Class, State, and Nation in the Age of Globalization published by Rowman and Littlefield, which are included here with permission of the publisher.

  2. 2.

    G. Glezerman, Classes and Nations (Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1979), pp. 7–8.

  3. 3.

    Glezerman, Classes and Nations, p. 21.

  4. 4.

    Glezerman, Classes and Nations, p. 15.

  5. 5.

    Albert Szymanski, Class Structure: A Critical Perspective (New York: Praeger, 1983), p. 430.

  6. 6.

    Szymanski, Class Structure (emphases in the original).

  7. 7.

    Szymanski, Class Structure (emphasis in the original).

  8. 8.

    See Berch Berberoglu, The Internationalization of Capital: Imperialism and Capitalist Development on a World Scale (New York: Praeger, 1987), chap. 7. See also, Berch Berberoglu, Political Sociology in a Global Era (Boulder, CO: Paradigm, 2013), chap. 2.

  9. 9.

    Berberoglu, The Internationalization of Capital. See also James Blaut, The National Question: Decolonizing the Theory of Nationalism (London: Zed Books, 1987), pp. 23, 46, 123.

  10. 10.

    Blaut, The National Question, pp. 4, 46.

  11. 11.

    Albert J. Szymanski, The Logic of Imperialism (New York: Praeger, 1981), p. 426.

  12. 12.

    Szymanski, The Logic of Imperialism, p. 427.

  13. 13.

    Berberoglu, Political Sociology in a Global Era, p. 98–99.

  14. 14.

    Berberoglu, Political Sociology in a Global Era, p. 99.

  15. 15.

    Stanley J. Stein and Barbara H. Stein, The Colonial Heritage of Latin America (New York: Oxford University Press, 1970).

  16. 16.

    Eric Williams, Capitalism and Slavery (New York: Capricorn, 1966).

  17. 17.

    Hamza Alavi, “India and the Colonial Mode of Production,” Economic and Political Weekly, August 1975.

  18. 18.

    See Bipan Chandra, “The Indian Capitalist Class and Imperialism before 1947,” Journal of Contemporary Asia 5, no. 3 (1975).

  19. 19.

    A. I. Levkovsky, Capitalism in India (Delhi: People’s Publishing House, 1966). See also, Berch Berberoglu, Class, State, and Development in India (New Delhi: Sage, 1992).

  20. 20.

    Frances V. Moulder, Japan, China and the Modern World Economy (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1977), pp. 98–127.

  21. 21.

    Basil Davidson, The African Slave Trade (Boston: Little, Brown, 1961).

  22. 22.

    Berch Berberoglu, Turkey in Crisis: From State Capitalism to Neocolonialism (London: Zed Books, 1982); Fatma Muge Gocek, ed., Social Constructions of Nationalism in the Middle East (Albany: State University of New York Press, 2002).

  23. 23.

    Berch Berberoglu, Turmoil in the Middle East: Imperialism, War, and Political Instability (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1999).

  24. 24.

    Berberoglu, Turmoil in the Middle East.

  25. 25.

    Berberoglu, Turmoil in the Middle East.

  26. 26.

    Samih Farsoun and Christina Zacharia, Palestine and the Palestinians (Boulder, CO: Westview, 1997).

  27. 27.

    Robert Olson, ed. The Kurdish Nationalist Movement in the 1990s (Lexington, KY: The University Press of Kentucky, 1996).

  28. 28.

    Farsoun and Zacharia, Palestine and the Palestinians; Olson, The Kurdish Nationalist Movement in the 1990s.

  29. 29.

    Williams, Capitalism and Slavery.

  30. 30.

    Walter Rodney, How Europe Underdeveloped Africa (London and Dar es Salaam: Tanzania Publishing House and Bogle L’Ouverture, 1972).

  31. 31.

    Williams, Capitalism and Slavery.

  32. 32.

    Ward Churchill, A Little Matter of Genocide: Holocaust and Denial in the Americas, 1492 to the Present (San Francisco: City Lights Books, 1997).

  33. 33.

    Stein and Stein, The Colonial Heritage of Latin America.

  34. 34.

    Rodolfo Acuna, Occupied America, 3rd ed. (New York: Harper & Row, 1988).

  35. 35.

    Martin N. Marger, Race and Ethnic Relations: American and Global Perspectives, 5th ed. (Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 2000). See also Joseph F. Healey, Race, Ethnicity, Gender, and Class (Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge Press, 1995) and Andrew L. Barlow, Between Fear and Hope: Globalization and Race in the United States (Boulder, CO: Rowman & Littlefield, 2003).

  36. 36.

    Marger, Race and Ethnic Relations and Healy, Race, Ethnicity, Gender, and Class.

  37. 37.

    Rodney, How Europe Underdeveloped Africa.

  38. 38.

    Jasminka Udovicki, “Nationalism, Ethnic Conflict, and Self-Determination in the Former Yugoslavia,” in The National Question: Nationalism, Ethnic Conflict, and Self-Determination in the Twentieth Century, ed. Berch Berberoglu (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1995); Aleksandar Pavkovic, The Fragmentation of Yugoslavia: Nationalism and War in the Balkans (Hampshire, UK: Palgrave Macmillan, 2000); Dusan Kecmanovic, Ethnic Times: Exploring Ethnonationalism in the Former Yugoslavia (Westport, CT: Praeger, 2001); Cathie Carmichael, Ethnic Cleansing in the Balkans: Nationalism and the Destruction of Tradition (New York: Routledge, 2002); Suzanne Goldenberg, Pride of Small Nations: The Caucasus and Post-Soviet Disorder (London: Zed Books, 1994).

  39. 39.

    Jan Adam, The Social Costs of Transformation in Post-Socialist Countries: The Cases of Poland, the Czech Republic and Hungary (New York: Palgrave, 2000). See also Laszlo Andor and Martin Summers, Market Failure: A Guide to the East European “Economic Miracle” (London: Pluto Press, 1998).

  40. 40.

    Pavkovic, The Fragmentation of Yugoslavia; Raju G. C. Thomas, ed., Yugoslavia Unraveled: Sovereignty, Self-Determination, Intervention (Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2003).

  41. 41.

    Goldenberg, Pride of Small Nations.

  42. 42.

    Goldenberg, Pride of Small Nations.

  43. 43.

    Goldenberg, Pride of Small Nations.

  44. 44.

    For an extended discussion on the nature and interests of various classes in capitalist society, see Berch Berberoglu, Class Structure and Social Transformation (Westport, CT: Praeger 1994). See also Albert J. Szymanski, Class Structure: A Critical Perspective (Westport, CT: Praeger, 1983).

  45. 45.

    See Albert J. Szymanski, The Logic of Imperialism (New York: Praeger, 1981).

  46. 46.

    Berch Berberoglu, “Nationalism and Ethnic Rivalry in the Early Twentieth Century,” Nature, Society, and Thought 4, no. 3 (1991): 269–301.

  47. 47.

    For an analysis of Egypt under Nasser as a nationalist state–capitalist society, see Mahmoud Hussein, Class Conflict in Egypt: 1945–1970 (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1973).

  48. 48.

    Joe Stork, “Class, State, and Politics in Iraq,” in Power and Stability in the Middle East, ed. Berch Berberoglu (London: Zed Books, 1989), pp. 31–54.

  49. 49.

    Fred Halliday, Iran: Dictatorship and Development (New York: Penguin, 1979).

  50. 50.

    Farideh Farhi, “Class Struggles, the State, and Revolution in Iran,” in Power and Stability in the Middle East, ed. Berberoglu, pp. 90–113.

  51. 51.

    M. Parsa, The Social Origins of the Iranian Revolution (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1989); Halliday, Iran: Dictatorship and Development.

  52. 52.

    A. Ashraf, “Bazaar and Mosque in Iran’s Revolution,” MERIP Reports 13, no. 3 (March–April 1983).

  53. 53.

    N. Keddie, Iran: Religion, Politics, and Society (London: Frank Cass, 1980).

  54. 54.

    See Franz L. Neumann, Behemoth: The Structure and Practice of National Socialism, 1933–1944 (New York: Harper & Row, 1944). See also Daniel Guerin, Fascism and Big Business (New York: Monad Press, 1945).

  55. 55.

    Arthur Schweitzer, Big Business and the Third Reich (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1964). See also James Pool and Suzanne Pool, Who Financed Hitler: The Secret Funding of Hitler’s Rise to Power, 1919–1933 (New York: Dial Press, 1978).

  56. 56.

    Guerin, Fascism and Big Business. See also Albert J. Szymanski, The Capitalist State and the Politics of Class (Cambridge, MA: Winthrop Publishers, 1978).

  57. 57.

    Piero Ignazi, Extreme Right Parties in Western Europe (Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2003).

  58. 58.

    Alana Lentin, Racism and Anti-Racism in Europe (London: Pluto Press, 2004).

  59. 59.

    Lentin, Racism and Anti-Racism in Europe.

  60. 60.

    Ignazi, Extreme Right Parties in Western Europe.

  61. 61.

    For an analysis of the economic roots of racism, see Peter Knapp and Alan J. Spector, Crisis and Change (Chicago: Nelson-Hall Publishers, 1991).

  62. 62.

    However, the recent upsurge of racist activity by the Klan and Neo-Nazi groups following the election of Donald Trump to the Presidency, as exhibited in Charlottesville and elsewhere in 2017, should not be exaggerated, as these fringe groups now surfacing more and more freely under a climate of increasing racism in the country, constitute a tiny fraction of the broader US population to pause a real threat in imposing a neo-Nazi fascist regime in the United States.

  63. 63.

    Udovicki, “Nationalism, Ethnic Conflict, and Self-Determination in the Former Yugoslavia.” See also Pavkovic, The Fragmentation of Yugoslavia: Nationalism and War in the Balkans; Kecmanovic, Ethnic Times: Exploring Ethnonationalism in the Former Yugoslavia; Carmichael, Ethnic Cleansing in the Balkans: Nationalism and the Destruction of Tradition; David Chandler, Bosnia: Faking Democracy after Dayton (London: Pluto Press, 2000).

  64. 64.

    Adam, The Social Costs of Transformation in Post-Socialist Countries: The Cases of Poland, the Czech Republic and Hungary.

  65. 65.

    Adam, The Social Costs of Transformation in Post-Socialist Countries: The Cases of Poland, the Czech Republic and Hungary.

  66. 66.

    Andor and Summers, Market Failure: A Guide to the East European “Economic Miracle.”

  67. 67.

    Goldenberg, The Pride of Small Nations: The Caucasus and Post-Soviet Disorder; Mark R. Beissinger, Nationalist Mobilization and the Collapse of the Soviet State (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2002).

  68. 68.

    Given the conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan and Turkey’s alliance with Azerbaijan, there has not been any diplomatic relations between Turkey and Armenia since the early 1990s, and the border between the two countries has remained closed since that time.

  69. 69.

    These include the repression of Chechnians in Russia and discrimination against the Hungarians in Romania, as well as mistreatment of gypsies (Roma) in Slovakia and elsewhere in Eastern Europe, and various other minority ethnic groups in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union.

  70. 70.

    G. Glezerman, Classes and Nations (Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1979), p. 23.

  71. 71.

    Glezerman, Classes and Nations, p. 22.

  72. 72.

    Glezerman, Classes and Nations, p. 23.

  73. 73.

    Glezerman, Classes and Nations, p. 28.

  74. 74.

    Karl Marx quoted in Ralph Dahrendorf, Class and Class Conflict in Industrial Society (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1959), p. 18.

  75. 75.

    Marx quoted in Dahrendorf, Class and Class Conflict in Industrial Society.

  76. 76.

    Glezerman, Classes and Nations, p. 27.

  77. 77.

    Glezerman, Classes and Nations, p. 34.

  78. 78.

    Glezerman, Classes and Nations, pp. 34–35.

  79. 79.

    Glezerman, Classes and Nations, p. 35.

  80. 80.

    Karl Marx and Frederick Engels quoted in Dahrendorf, Class and Class Conflict in Industrial Society, p. 18.

References

  • Adam, Jan. 2000. The Social Costs of Transformation in Post-Socialist Countries: The Cases of Poland, the Czech Republic and Hungary. New York: Palgrave.

    Google Scholar 

  • Andor, Laszlo, and Martin Summers. 1998. Market Failure: A Guide to the East European “Economic Miracle”. London: Pluto Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berberoglu, Berch. 1987. The Internationalization of Capital: Imperialism and Capitalist Development on a World Scale. New York: Praeger.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———, ed. 1995. The National Question: Nationalism, Ethnic Conflict, and Self-Determination in the Twentieth Century. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 1999. Turmoil in the Middle East: Imperialism, War, and Political Instability. Albany: State University of New York Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2004. Nationalism and Ethnic Conflict: Class, Nation, and State in the Age of Globalization. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blaut, James. 1987. The National Question: Decolonizing the Theory of Nationalism. London: Zed Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carmichael, Cathie. 2002. Ethnic Cleansing in the Balkans: Nationalism and the Destruction of Tradition. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Farsoun, Samih, and Christina Zacharia. 1997. Palestine and the Palestinians. Boulder, CO: Westview.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glezerman. 1979. Classes and Nations. Moscow: Progress Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Göçek, Fatma Muge, ed. 2002. Social Constructions of Nationalism in the Middle East. Albany: State University of New York Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldenberg, Suzanne. 1994. Pride of Small Nations: The Caucasus and Post-Soviet Disorder. London: Zed Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Guerin, Daniel. 1945. Fascism and Big Business. New York: Monad Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ignazi, Piero. 2003. Extreme Right Parties in Western Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Kecmanovic, Dusan. 2001. Ethnic Times: Exploring Ethnonationalism in the Former Yugoslavia. Westport, CT: Praeger.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lentin, Alana. 2004. Racism and Anti-racism in Europe. London: Pluto Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Neumann, Franz L. 1944. Behemoth: The Structure and Practice of National Socialism, 1933–1944. New York: Harper & Row.

    Google Scholar 

  • Olson, Robert, ed. 1996. The Kurdish Nationalist Movement in the 1990. Lexington, KY: The University Press of Kentucky.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pavkovic, Aleksandar. 2000. The Fragmentation of Yugoslavia: Nationalism and War in the Balkans. Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pool, James, and Suzanne Pool. 1978. Who Financed Hitler: The Secret Funding of Hitler’s Rise to Power, 1919–1933. New York: Dial Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schweitzer, Arthur. 1964. Big Business and the Third Reich. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Szymanski, Albert J. 1981. The Logic of Imperialism. New York: Praeger.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 1983. Class Structure: A Critical Perspective. New York: Praeger.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomas, Raju G.C., ed. 2003. Yugoslavia Unraveled: Sovereignty, Self-Determination Intervention. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Udovicki, Jasminka. 1995. Nationalism, Ethnic Conflict, and Self-Determination in the Former Yugoslavia. In The National Question: Nationalism, Ethnic Conflict, and Self-Determination in the Twentieth Century, ed. Berch Berberoglu. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, Eric. 1966. Capitalism and Slavery. New York: Capricorn.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Sociology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, USA

    Berch Berberoglu

Authors
  1. Berch Berberoglu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Berch Berberoglu .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Sociology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, USA

    Berch Berberoglu

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Berberoglu, B. (2019). Nationalism and Nationalist Movements in the Age of Neoliberal Globalization. In: Berberoglu, B. (eds) The Palgrave Handbook of Social Movements, Revolution, and Social Transformation. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92354-3_12

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92354-3_12

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-92353-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-92354-3

  • eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation