Abstract
The widespread acknowledgements of need for forest preservation and reservation have generated numerous stated ‘targets’ for this to occur, with recognition that these targets are often ambitious and challenging, and that ‘our ability to recover biodiversity and ecosystem functions fully is currently limited’ (Jacobs et al. 2015). Progress is rendered more uncertain from increased climatic variability and the additional stresses this imposes on restoration outcomes based on current practices. Design of new resilient forest ecosystems that can adapt to such changes and changing conditions may incorporate additional species (with further incorporation of alien species sometimes controversial), and patterns such as creation of forest fragments in positions where ecosystem services and biodiversity connectivity may be best enhanced or facilitated.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
ABARES (Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Sciences) (2017) Australia’s forests at a glance, with data to 2015–2016. Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Canberra
Andam KS, Ferraro PJ, Pfaff A, Sanchez-Azofeita GA, Robalino JA (2008) Measuring the effectiveness of protected area networks in reducing deforestation. Proc Nat Acad Sci 105:16089–16094
As S (1993) Are habitat islands islands? Woodliving beetles (Coleoptera) in deciduous forest fragments in boreal forest. Ecography 16:219–228
Atlegrim O, Sjoberg K, Ball JP (1997) Forestry effects on a boreal beetle community in spring: selective logging and clear-cutting compared. Entomol Fennica 8:19–26
Baker SC, Grove SJ, Forster L, Bonham KJ, Bashford D (2009) Short-term responses of ground-active beetles to alternative silvicultural systems in the Warra Silvicultural systems trial, Tasmania, Australia. For Ecol Manag 258:444–459
Barlow J, Gardner TA, Araujo IS, Avila-Pires TC, Bonaldo AB et al (2007) Quantifying the biodiversity value of tropical primary, secondary and plantation forests. Proc Nat Acad Sci 104:18555–18560
Bawa KS, Siedler R (1998) Natural forest management and conservation of biodiversity in tropical forests. Conserv Biol 12:46–55
Berg A, Ehnstrom B, Gustafsson L, Hallingback T, Jonsell M, Weslien J (1994) Threatened plant, animal and fungus species in Swedish forests; distribution and habitat associations. Conserv Biol 8:718–731
Bernes C, Jonsson BG, Junninen K, Lohmus A, Macdonald E, Muller J, Sandstrom J (2015) What is the impact of active management on biodiversity in forest set aside for conservation or restoration? A systematic review protocol. Environ Evid 4:25. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13750-015-0050-7
Bouget C (2005a) Short-term effect of windstorm disturbance on saproxylic beetles in broadleaved temperate forests. Part I: Do environmental changes induce a gap effect? For Ecol Manage 216:1–14
Bouget C (2005b) Short-term effect of windstorm disturbance on saproxylic beetles in broadleaved temperate forests. Part II: Effects of gap size and gap isolation. For Ecol Manage 216:15–27
Bouget C, Duelli P (2004) The effects of windthrow on forest insect communities: a literature review. Biol Conserv 118:281–299
Bradshaw CJA (2012) Little left to lose: deforestation and forest degradation in Australia since European colonization. J Plant Ecol 5:109–120
Bremer LL, Farley KA (2010) Does plantation forestry restore biodiversity or create green deserts? A synthesis of the effects of land-use transitions on plant species richness. Biodivers Conserv 19:3893–3915
Brockerhoff EG, Jactel H, Parotta JA, Quine CP, Sayer J (2008) Plantation forests and biodiversity: oxymoron or opportunity? Biodivers Conserv 17:925–951
Cale JA, Klutsch JG, Erbilgin N, Negron JF, Castello JD (2016) Using structural sustainability for forest health monitoring and triage: case study of a mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) - impacted landscape. Ecol. Indic 70:451–459
Cardoso P, Erwin TL, Borges PAV, New TR (2011) The seven impediments to invertebrate conservation and how to overcome them. Biol Conserv 144:2647–2655
Carron LT (1985) A history of forestry in Australia. Australian National University Press, Canberra
Commonwealth of Australia (1992) National Forest Policy Statement: a new focus for Australia’s forests. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra
Commonwealth of Australia (1995) Regional forest agreements: the commonwealth position. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra
Coulson RN, Stephen FM (2008) Impacts of insects in forest landscapes: implications for forest health management. In Paine TD, Lieutier F (eds) Insects and diseases of Mediterranean forest ecosystems. Springer, Cham, pp. 101–125
Crespi BJ, Morris DC, Mound LA (2004) Evolution of ecological and behavioural diversity: Australian Acacia thrips as model organisms. Australian Biological Resources Study and Australian National Insect Collection, Canberra
De Valck J, Vlaeminck P, Broekx S, Liekens I, Aertsens J, Chen W, Vranken L (2014) Benefits of clearing forest plantations to restore nature? Evidence from a discrete choice experiment in Flanders, Belgium. Landsc Urb Plann 125:65–75
Duelli P, Obrist MK, Wermelinger B (2002) Windthrow-induced changes in faunistic biodiversity in alpine spruce forests. For Snow Landsc Res 77:117–131
Eckelt A, Muller J, Bense U, Brustel H, Bussler H et al. (2017) “Primeval forest relict beetles” of Central Europe: a set of 168 umbrella species for the protection of primeval forest remnants. J Insect Conserv https://doi.org/10.1007/s10841-017-0028-6
Evans MC (2016) Deforestation in Australia: drivers, trends and policy responses. Pac Conserv Biol 22:130–150
Feener DH, Schupp EW (1998) Effect of treefall gaps on the patchiness and species richness of Neotropical ant assemblages. Oecologia 116:191–201
Ghazoul J (2002) Impact of logging on the richness and diversity of forest butterflies in a tropical dry forest in Thailand. Biodivers Conserv 11:521–541
Gibb H, Hjalten J, Ball JP, Atlegrim O, Pettersson RB et al (2006) Effects of landscape composition and substrate availability on saproxylic beetles in boreal forests: a study using experimental logs for monitoring assemblages. Ecography 29:191–204
Gotmark F (2013) Habitat management alternatives for conservation forests in the temperate zone: review, synthesis, and implications. For Ecol Manag 306:292–307
Gough LA, Birkemoe T, Sverdrup-Thygeson A (2014) Reactive forest management can also be proactive for wood-living beetles in hollow oak trees. Biol Conserv 180:75–83
Grimbacher PS, Catterall CP (2007) How much do site age, habitat structure and spatial isolation influence the restoration of rainforest beetle species assemblages? Biol Conserv 135:107–118
Gustafsson L, Perhans K (2010) Biodiversity conservation in Swedish forests: ways forward for a 30-year-old multi-scaled approach. Ambio 39:546–554
Halme P, Allen KA, Aunins A, Bradshaw RHW, Beunelkis G et al (2013) Challenges of ecological restoration: lessons from forest in northern Europe. Biol Conserv 167:248–256
Hamer KC, Hill JK, Benedick S, Mustaffa N, Sgerratt TN, Maryatis M, Chey VK (2003) Ecology of butterflies in natural and selectively logged forests of northern Borneo: the importance of habitat heterogeneity. J Appl Ecol 40:150–162
Hanski I (2008) Insect conservation in boreal forests. J Insect Conserv 12:451–454
Harrison S (1987) Treefall gaps versus forest understorey as environments for a defoliating moth on a tropical forest shrub. Oecologia 72:65–68
Hartley MJ (2002) Rationale and methods for conserving biodiversity in plantation forests. For Ecol Manag 155:81–95
Hill JK, Hamer KC, Tangah J, Dawood M (2001) Ecology of tropical butterflies in rainforest gaps. Oecologia 128:294–302
Huber C, Baumgartner M (2005) Early effects of forest regeneration with selective and small scale clear-cutting on ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) in a Norway spruce stand in southern Bavaria (Hoglwald). Biodivers Conserv 14:1989–2007
Ibbe M, Milberg P, Tuner A, Bergman K-O (2011) History matters: impact of historical land use on butterfly diversity in clear-cuts in a boreal landscape. For Ecol Manag 261:1885–1891
Jacobs DF, Oliet JA, Aronson J, Bolte A, Bullock JM et al (2015) Restoring forests: what constitutes success in the twenty-first century? New Forests 46:601–614
Jactel H, Nicoll BC, Branco M, Gonzalez-Olabarria JR, Grodzki W et al (2009) The influences of forest stand management on biotic and abiotic risks of damage. Ann For Sci 66:701 18 pp
Jukes MR, Peace AJ, Ferris R (2001) Carabid beetle communities associated with coniferous plantations in Britain: the influence of site, ground vegetation and stand structure. For Ecol Manag 148:271–286
Kirkpatrick JB (1998) Nature conservation and the Regional Forest Agreement process. Austr J Environ Manage 5:31–37
Kusel J (2001) Assessing well-being in forest dependent communities. J Sust For 13:359–384
Lamb D (1998) Large-scale ecological restoration of degraded tropical forest lands: the potential role of timber plantations. Restor Ecol 6:271–279
Langor DW, Hammond HEJ, Spence JR, Jacobs J, Cobb TP (2008) Saproxylic insect assemblages in Canadian forests: diversity, ecology, and conservation. Canad Entomol 140:453–474
Larsson S, Ekbom B, Schroeder LM, McGeoch MA (2006) Saproxylic beetles in a Swedish boreal forest landscape managed according to ‘new forestry. In Grove SJ, Hanula JL (eds) Insect biodiversity and dead wood. Proceedings of a symposium for the 22nd international congress of entomology. USDA General and Technical Report SRS-93, Ashville, NC, pp 75–82
Lehnert LW, Bassler C, Brandl R, Burton PJ, Muller J (2013) Conservation value of forests attacked by bark beetles: highest number of indicator species is found in early successional stages. J Nat Conserv 21:97–104
Lewis OT (2001) Effect of experimental selective logging on tropical butterflies. Conserv Biol 15:389–400
Lindenmayer DB, Franklin JF, Fischer J (2006) General management principles and a checklist of strategies to guide forest biodiversity conservation. Biol Conserv 131:433–445
Lindenmayer D, Bennett AF, Hobbs R (2010) How far have we come? Perspectives on ecology, management and conservation of Australia’s temperate woodlands (Chapter 42). In Lindenmayer D, Bennett A, Hobbs R (eds) Temperate woodland conservation and management CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, 14 pp
Lindenmayer DB, Blair D, McBurney L, Banks SC (2015) The need for a comprehensive reassessment of the Regional Forest Agreements in Australia. Pac Conserv Biol 21:266–270
Lovei GL, Cartellieri M (2000) Ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) in forest fragments of the Manawatu, New Zealand: collapsed assemblages? J Insect Conserv 4:239–244
Manzo-Delgado L, Lopez-Garcia J, Alcantara-Ayala I (2014) Role of forest conservation in lessening land degradation in a temperate region: the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve, Mexico. J Environ Manag 138:55–66
Muller J, Noss RF, Bussler H, Brandl R (2010) Learning from a “benign neglect strategy” in a national park: response of saproxylic beetles to dead wood accumulation. Biol Conserv 143:2559–2569
Nakamura A, Proctor H, Catterall CP (2003) Using soil and litter arthropods to assess the state of rainforest restoration. Ecol Manage Restor 4:S20–S28
Neumann FG (1992) Responses of foraging ant populations to high-intensity wildfire, salvage logging and natural regeneration processes in Eucalyptus regnans regrowth forest of the Victorian Central Highlands. Aust For 55:29–38
Niemela J, Langor D, Spence JR (1993) Effects of clear-cut harvest on boreal ground-beetle assemblages (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in western Canada. Conserv Biol 7:551–561
Norton TW (1996) Conserving biological diversity in Australia’s temperate eucalypt forests. For Ecol Manag 85:21–33
Norton TW (1997) Conservation and management of eucalypt ecosystems. In Williams JA, Woinarski JCZ (eds) Eucalypt ecology: individuals to ecosystems. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 373–401
Nunez-Mir GC, Iannone BV III, Curtis K, Fei S (2015) Evaluating the evolution of forest restoration research in a changing world: a “big literature” review. New For 46:669–682
Paillet Y, Berges L, Hjalten J, Odor P, Avon C et al (2009) Biodiversity differences between managed and unmanaged forests: meta-analysis of species richness in Europe. Conserv Biol 24:101–112
Pardonnet S, Beck H, Milberg P, Bergman K-O (2013) Effect of tree-fall gaps on fruit-feeding nymphalid butterfly assemblages in a Peruvian rain forest. Biotropica 45:612–619
Patrick M, Fowler D, Dunn RR, Sanders NJ (2012) Effects of treefall gap disturbances on ant assemblages in a tropical montane cloud forest. Biotropica 44:472–478
Putz FE, Dykstra DP, Heinrich R (2000) Why poor logging practices persist in the tropics. Conserv Biol 14:951–956
Rhodes JR, Cattarino L, Seabrook L, Maron M (2017) Assessing the effectiveness of regulation to protect threatened forests. Biol Conserv 216:33–42
Richards LA, Windsor DM (2007) Seasonal variation of arthropod abundance in gaps and the understorey of a lowland moist forest in Panama. J Trop Ecol 23:169–176
Routley R, Routley V (1975) The fight for the forests: the takeover of Australian forests for pines, wood chips and intensive forestry. Australian National University Press, Canberra
Saura S, Martin-Quellen E, Hunter ML (2014) Forest landscape change and biodiversity conservation. In Azevedo JC, Perera AH, Pinto MA (eds) Forest landscapes and global change: challenges for research and management. Springer, New York, pp. 167–198
Savilaakso S, Koivisto J, Veteli TO, Pusenius J, Roininen H (2009) Long lasting impact of forest harvesting on the diversity of herbivorous insects. Biodivers Conserv 18:3931–3948
Schelhaas M-J, Nabuurs G-J, Schuck A (2003) Natural disturbances in the European forests in the 19th and 20th centuries. Glob Change Biol 9:1620–1633
Schiegg K (2000) Effects of dead wood volume and connectivity on saproxylic insect species diversity. Ecoscience 7:290–298
Schowalter TD (1994) Invertebrate community structure and herbivory in a tropical rain forest canopy in Puerto Rico following Hurricane Hugo. Biotropica 26:312–319
Schowalter TD, Ganio LM (1999) Invertebrate communities in a tropical rain forest canopy in Puerto Rico following Hurricane Hugo. Ecol Entomol 24:191–201
Schroeder LM (2010) Colonization of storm gaps by the spruce bark beetle: influence of gap and landscape characteristics. Agric For Entomol 12:29–39
Shelly TE (1982) Comparative foraging behavior of light-versus shade-seeking adult damselflies in a lowland Neotropical forest (Odonata: Zygoptera). Physiol Zool 55:335–343
Siebold S, Brandl R, Buse J, Hothoen T, Schmidl J, Thorn S, Muller J (2015) Association of extinction risk of saproxylic beetles with ecological degradation of forest in Europe. Conserv Biol 29:382–390
Spagarino C, Pastur GM, Peri PL (2001) Changes in Nothofagus pumilio forest biodiversity during the forest management cycle. 1. Insects. Biodivers Conserv 10:2077–2092
Spies TA (2004) Ecological concepts and diversity of old-growth forests. J For 102:14–20
Spitzer K, Jaros J, Havelka J, Leps J (1997) Effect of small-scale disturbance on butterfly communities of an Indochinese montane rainforest. Biol Conserv 80:9–15
Stanturf JA (2015) Future landscapes: opportunities and challenges. New For 46:615–644
Stephens SS, Wagner MR (2006) Using ground foraging ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) functional groups as bioindicators of forest health in northern Arizona ponderosa pine forests. Environ Entomol 35:937–949
Stewart GH, Burrows LE (1994) Coarse woody debris in old-growth temperate beech (Nothofagus) forests of New Zealand. Can J For Res 24:1988–1996
Stork NE, Srivastava DS, Watt AD, Larsen TB (2003) Butterfly diversity and silvicultural practice in lowland rainforests of Cameroon. Biodivers Conserv 12:387–410
Sverdrup-Thygeson A, Ims RA (2002) The effect of forest clearcutting in Norway on the community of saproxylic beetles on aspen. Biol Conserv 106:347–357
Tabor J, McElhinny C, Hickey J, Wood J (2007) Colonisation of clearfelled coupes by rainforest tree species from mature mixed forest edges, Tasmania, Australia. For Ecol Manag 240:13–23
Taki H, Makihara H, Matsumura T, Hasegawa M, Matsuura T et al (2013) Evaluation of secondary forests as alternative habitats to primary forest for flower-visiting insects. J Insect Conserv 17:549–556
Taylor RW (1983) Descriptive taxonomy: past, present, and future. In Highley E, Taylor RW (eds) Australian systematic entomology; a bicentenary perspective. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, pp 91–134
Taylor RJ, Doran N (2001) Use of terrestrial invertebrates as indicators of the ecological sustainability of forest management under the Montreal process. J Insect Conserv 5:221–231
Teale SA, Castello JD (2011) Regulators and terminators: the importance of biotic factors to a healthy forest. In: Castello JD, Teale SA (eds) Forest health: an integrated perspective. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 81–114
Thorn S, Hacker HH, Seibold S, Jehl H, Bassler C, Muller J (2015) Guild-specific responses of forest Lepidoptera highlight conservation-oriented forest management – implications from conifer-dominated forests. For Ecol Manag 337:41–47
Toivanen T, Kotiaho JS (2007) Burning of logged sites to protect beetles in managed boreal forests. Conserv Biol 21:1562–1572
Torres JA (1992) Lepidoptera outbreaks in response to successional changes after the passage of Hurricane Hugo in Puerto Rico. J Trop Ecol 8:285–298
Vangansbeke P, Blondeel H, Landuyt D, De Frenne P, Gorissen L, Verheyen K (2017) Spatially combining wood production and recreation with biodiversity conservation. Biodivers Conserv 26:3213–3239
Watt AD, Stork NE, Bolton B (2002) The diversity and abundance of ants in relation to forest disturbance and plantation establishment in southern Cameroon. J Appl Ecol 39:18–30
Wermelinger B, Duelli P, Obrist MK (2002) Dynamics of saproxylic beetles (Coleoptera) in windthrow areas in alpine spruce forests. For Snow Landsc Res 77:133–148
Willig MR, Camilo GR (1991) The effect of Hurricane Hugo on six invertebrate species in the Luquillo Experimental Forest of Puerto Rico. Biotropica 23:455–461
Willott SJ (1999) The effects of selective logging on the distribution of moths in a Bornean rainforest. Phil Trans R Soc Lond B 354:1783–1790
Willott SJ, Lim DC, Compton SG, Sutton SL (1999) Effects of selective logging on the butterflies of a Bornean rainforest. Conserv Biol 14:1055–1065
Wolda H, Foster R (1978) Zunacetha annulata (Lepidoptera: Dioptidae), an outbreak insect in a neotropical forest. Geo-Eco-Trop 2:443–454
Yaffee SL (1999) Three faces of ecosystem management. Conserv Biol 13:713–725
Yen AL (1993) Some practical issues in the assessment of invertebrate biodiversity. In: Beattie AJ (ed) Rapid biodiversity assessment. Macquarie University, Sydney, pp 21–25
Zermeno-Hernandez I, Pingarroni A, Martinez-Ramos M (2016) Agricultural land-use diversity and forest regeneration potential in human-modified tropical landscapes. Agric Ecosyst Environ 230:210–220
Zou Y, Sang W, Warren-Thomas E, Liu Y, Yu Z, Wang C, Axmacher JC (2015) Diversity patterns of ground beetles and understorey vegetation in mature, secondary, and plantation forest regions of temperate northern China. Ecol Evol 5:531–542
Zou Y, Sang W, Warren-Thomas E, Axmacher JC (2016) Geometrid moth assemblages reflect high conservation value of naturally regenerated secondary forest in temperate China. For Ecol Manag 374:111–118
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
New, T.R. (2018). Forest Management for Insect Conservation in Australia. In: Forests and Insect Conservation in Australia. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92222-5_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92222-5_10
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-92221-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-92222-5
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)