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Vestibule, Cochlea and Implants

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Abstract

The start of modern ear research is difficult to establish (see Helidonis 1993 for overview). Deafness was earlier fought by so-called ear or speaking trumpets and hearing tubes (Fig. 8.1c–e). The Paris horns, which even could be carried as a diadem, helped both ears (Fig. 8.1b). Joseph Toynbee’s “Disease of the ear” (1860) has been taken as the starting point of ear research in this book. The concomitant invention of the auriscope by John Brunton (1826–1899) in 1860 (Fig. 8.1a) opened the possibility to enlighten the auditory tube and to inspect the eardrum with artificial light. It became the start of operations for deafness of the ear.

The direct observation of a natural phenomenon or its analysis, even with the most sophisticated techniques, never leads to absolute certainty. R. Chandebois (1983)

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomedical Signals and Systems, MIRA, University Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands

    Enrico Marani & Ciska Heida

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  1. Enrico Marani
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  2. Ciska Heida
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Marani, E., Heida, C. (2018). Vestibule, Cochlea and Implants. In: Head and Neck. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92105-1_9

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