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Head and Neck During Puberty and Ageing

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Head and Neck

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Abstract

The bony and soft tissue during facial development is prepubertaly determined. At 6 years of age, 90% of the total growth has passed. Attention is paid to the development of the groove between neuro and viscerocranium, the pterygopalatine fossa and fissure. Bodily fat and facial fat behave differently during puberty and ageing. The relation between superficial musculo-aponeurotic system (SMAS) and facial subcutaneous fat is considered. Thermogenetic brown fat is localized in the neck, and its leptin and uncoupling protein 1 relations are discussed. Bodily bone mineral content can change during puberty and ageing. Skull mineral content behaves differently, and osteoporosis is low in the cranium. Ageing of the face is primarily expressed in subcutaneous fat reduction in head and neck. The reduction of the “nervus accessory fat” (NAF) in the supraclavicular triangle is considered.

The bones of the skull can be considered as produced by an extended lamina over the outer surface of the cranial table, bone being resorbed at the inner surface of the table. This is a method of increase that would hardly be thought of as practicable for a human artefact- to increase the size of a box by thickening the wall and removal of material from the inside! (Young 1974)

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomedical Signals and Systems, MIRA, University Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands

    Enrico Marani & Ciska Heida

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  1. Enrico Marani
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  2. Ciska Heida
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Marani, E., Heida, C. (2018). Head and Neck During Puberty and Ageing. In: Head and Neck. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92105-1_16

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