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Cranial Nerves and Cervical Spinal Nerves

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Abstract

The historical drive for the study of the brain and its cranial nerves was the localization of the soul’s interaction site with the brain: a dualistic approach. The primitive organization of the cranial nerves has been used to support the historical studies of Vesalius, Willis and Soemmerring for the understanding of our nowadays subdivision of the cranial nerves. Willis’s use of the sheep’s brain and its consequences for brain topography is discussed. The transition from cord to brainstem gives an intravertebral reorganization that is considered. The XIIIth (nervus terminalis) and XIVth (nervus intermedius) cranial nerves are treated. Gustatory and salivary pathways in relation to crocodile tears and the evolution of the vagus–accessory–hypoglossal complex are described. The trigeminal complex is considered by its evolutionary aspects, masticatory reflex, its ganglion, and its sensory and pain information transmission. The vagus nerve is considered by its topography, recurrent nerve and nerve stimulation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomedical Signals and Systems, MIRA, University Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands

    Enrico Marani & Ciska Heida

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  1. Enrico Marani
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  2. Ciska Heida
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Marani, E., Heida, C. (2018). Cranial Nerves and Cervical Spinal Nerves. In: Head and Neck. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92105-1_12

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