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Regional Development Policies in Italy: How to Combine Cultural Approaches with Social Innovation

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New Metropolitan Perspectives (ISHT 2018)

Part of the book series: Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies ((SIST,volume 101))

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Abstract

Over the years, the cultural enterprises sector in Italy has been considered a field of confrontation for regional development policies and institutional reorganizations, with a twofold challenge: experience new entrepreneurial cultures borrowed from other policy fields and enhance a considerable (but hardly recognizable) cultural heritage and assets. This paper intends to analyze the current state of cultural entrepreneurial policy making in Italy by examining critical points in terms of its capacity to (1) produce value, (2) include youth and (3) promote inclusive forms of urban and local developments. By combining these three objectives, the paper aims to outline a general reflection on how innovative organizations and policy tools could be explored to promote a cultural innovation agenda for the country.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    In recent years, new and interesting initiatives, often promoted by youth, created new implications in terms of social inclusion and urban regeneration, even in a period of decreasing public subsidies [3].

  2. 2.

    In accordance with the objectives of the Treaty of Lisbon available on http://ec.europa.eu/europe2020/pdf/annexii_en.pdf.

  3. 3.

    New approaches could overcome traditional policies linked to public subsidies which have proved to absorb a significant amount of public resources [9], without reducing inequalities, especially for young people.

  4. 4.

    The percentage of employed people aged 25–34 years is 22.7% while for other jobs it is 17.9% [6].

  5. 5.

    Specific data on the entrepreneurship of young people in the creative sector are also missing. We can suppose that young people may have the same difficulties of other sectors in creating and strengthening new entrepreneurial activities.

  6. 6.

    The winning 2019 ECoC (European Capital of Culture) bid of Matera represent an effective evidence of this trend. This may not only represent an opportunity in institutional terms, to define and experience stronger coordination between national, regional and local actors but also in structural terms, to give a more defined (and reproducible) aspect to some innovation experience by better identifying the relationship between culture and social innovation.

  7. 7.

    With regard to the policies supporting innovative enterprises (start-ups), since 2012 the central government and sometimes even the Regions strongly committed in order to promote the establishment of ecosystems fostering new enterprises characterised by a high technology and scalability. The law describes a specific condition for start-ups “with a social impact” that includes those which “provide cultural services”, in particular for “enhancing heritage and cultural goods” [22]. The program was created in order to support venture capital through tax- cuts for investments, labour contracts and funding for enterprises’ incubation and acceleration programs.

  8. 8.

    The lack of clarity in the procedure caused some controversies. An example on the notice Cultura Crea is described at the following article published for the online magazine Vita.it (http://bit.ly/2CU5EuS).

  9. 9.

    We mean successful models which consider the so-called Unicorn as successful. They are start-ups which are worth a billion dollars with obvious problems of inclusion and diffusion.

  10. 10.

    A decree’s overview is available at: http://bit.ly/2dAXv2h.

  11. 11.

    Further information on the potential resulting from the entrepreneurial enhancement of public asset in Italy are available in the article of the Economist “Setting out the store” [36].

  12. 12.

    To this end, the scope selected by the last Bando per le Periferie on the “adjustment of infrastructures for social, cultural and educational services, as well as for cultural and educational activities promoted by public and private actors” seems to be particularly relevant References to the notice are available on http://bit.ly/2Ff2Ldp.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. La Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy

    Andrea Billi

  2. Politecnico di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy

    Luca Tricarico

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  1. Andrea Billi
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Correspondence to Luca Tricarico .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy

    Francesco Calabrò

  2. Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy

    Lucia Della Spina

  3. University of Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy

    Carmelina Bevilacqua

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Billi, A., Tricarico, L. (2019). Regional Development Policies in Italy: How to Combine Cultural Approaches with Social Innovation. In: Calabrò, F., Della Spina, L., Bevilacqua, C. (eds) New Metropolitan Perspectives. ISHT 2018. Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies, vol 101. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92102-0_30

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