Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The Foot as a Marvel

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Diabetic Foot Syndrome

  • 1217 Accesses

Abstract

This chapter outlines the structure and function of the foot as well as some commonly seen variations.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 109.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Wood B, Richmond BG. Human evolution: taxonomy and paleobiology. J Anat. 2000;197(Pt 1):19–60.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  2. Klenerman L, Wood BA. The human foot : a companion to clinical studies. London: Springer; 2006.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  3. Whitmore I. Terminologia anatomica: new terminology for the new anatomist. Anat Rec. 1999;257(2):50–3.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Lang J, Wachsmuth W. Bein und Statik. Praktische Anatomie. Berlin: Springer; 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Dullaert K, Hagen J, Klos K, Gueorguiev B, Lenz M, Richards RG, Simons P. The influence of the Peroneus Longus muscle on the foot under axial loading: a CT evaluated dynamic cadaveric model study. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 2016;34:7–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2016.03.001.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Debrunner HU, Jacob HAC. Der Fuß als Ganzes. In: Debrunner HU, Jacob HAC, editors. Biomechanik des Fußes. Stuttgart: Enke; 1998. p. 7–106.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Klaue K. The Foot. London: Springer; 2015.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Cavagna GA, Heglund NC, Taylor CR. Mechanical work in terrestrial locomotion: two basic mechanisms for minimizing energy expenditure. Am J Physiol. 1977;233(5):R243–61.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Holewski JJ, Moss KM, Stess RM, Graf PM, Grunfeld C. Prevalence of foot pathology and lower extremity complications in a diabetic outpatient clinic. J Rehabil Res Dev. 1989;26(3):35–44.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Smith DG, Barnes BC, Sands AK, Boyko EJ, Ahroni JH. Prevalence of radiographic foot abnormalities in patients with diabetes. Foot Ankle Int. 1997;18(6):342–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Bus SA, Maas M, Cavanagh PR, Michels RP, Levi M. Plantar fat-pad displacement in neuropathic diabetic patients with toe deformity: a magnetic resonance imaging study. Diabetes Care. 2004;27(10):2376–81.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Andersen H. Motor dysfunction in diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2012;28 Suppl 1:89–92. https://doi.org/10.1002/dmrr.2257.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Bus SA, Yang QX, Wang JH, Smith MB, Wunderlich R, Cavanagh PR. Intrinsic muscle atrophy and toe deformity in the diabetic neuropathic foot: a magnetic resonance imaging study. Diabetes Care. 2002;25(8):1444–50.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Andersen H, Gadeberg PC, Brock B, Jakobsen J. Muscular atrophy in diabetic neuropathy: a stereological magnetic resonance imaging study. Diabetologia. 1997;40(9):1062–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s001250050788.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Redkina V, Sikorski A, Beike J. Deformitäten der Kleinzehe - Pathogenese und praxisnahe Nomenklatur. Fuß & Sprunggelenk. 2013;11:95–100.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Brash PD, Foster J, Vennart W, Anthony P, Tooke JE. Magnetic resonance imaging techniques demonstrate soft tissue damage in the diabetic foot. Diabet Med. 1999;16(1):55–61.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Cheung YY, Doyley M, Miller TB, Kennedy F, Lynch F Jr, Wrobel JS, Paulson K, Weaver J. Magnetic resonance elastography of the plantar fat pads: Preliminary study in diabetic patients and asymptomatic volunteers. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2006;30(2):321–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Gooding GA, Stess RM, Graf PM, Moss KM, Louie KS, Grunfeld C. Sonography of the sole of the foot. Evidence for loss of foot pad thickness in diabetes and its relationship to ulceration of the foot. Invest Radiol. 1986;21(1):45–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Kao PF, Davis BL, Hardy PA. Characterization of the calcaneal fat pad in diabetic and non-diabetic patients using magnetic resonance imaging. Magn Reson Imaging. 1999;17(6):851–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Waldecker U, Lehr HA. Is there histomorphological evidence of plantar metatarsal fat pad atrophy in patients with diabetes? J Foot Ankle Surg. 2009;48(6):648–52. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jfas.2009.07.008.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Rosen RC, Davids MS, Bohanske LM, Lemont H. Hemorrhage into plantar callus and diabetes mellitus. Cutis. 1985;35(4):339–41.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Delbridge L, Ctercteko G, Fowler C, Reeve TS, Le Quesne LP. The aetiology of diabetic neuropathic ulceration of the foot. Br J Surg. 1985;72(1):1–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Amb. Zentrum für Diabetologie, Endoskopie & Wundheilung Gemeinschaftspraxis, Köln, Germany

    Dirk Hochlenert

  2. Department of Wound Surgery, St. Vinzenz Hospital and MVZ St. Marien, Köln, Germany

    Gerald Engels

  3. Department of Diabetes and Angiology, Marienkrankenhaus GmbH, Soest, Germany

    Stephan Morbach

  4. Institute of Anatomy, Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany

    Stefanie Schliwa

  5. Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Derby Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Derby, UK

    Frances L. Game

Authors
  1. Dirk Hochlenert
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Gerald Engels
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Stephan Morbach
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Stefanie Schliwa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Frances L. Game
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Hochlenert, D., Engels, G., Morbach, S., Schliwa, S., Game, F.L. (2018). The Foot as a Marvel. In: Diabetic Foot Syndrome. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92055-9_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92055-9_2

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-92054-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-92055-9

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation