Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Guidelines for Resection of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Primary and Metastatic Liver Tumors

Abstract

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is a disease of the biliary tree that is increasing in incidence. Etiologic factors include hepatolithiasis, cirrhosis, hepatitis, and steatosis. Many patients often present with advanced disease, and a subset will be surgical candidates. Resection is the treatment of choice and offers the best chance at long-term survival. An R0 margin should be obtained. At the time of surgery, lymph node evaluation should be performed as lymph node status strongly correlates with prognosis. Other factors associated with prognosis include tumor number and size as well as the presence of vascular invasion. The incidence of recurrence following resection is high. As such, adjuvant systemic chemotherapy should be considered especially among those patients with ICC tumors that have high-risk features.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 109.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Eckel F, Brunner T, Jelic S, Group EGW. Biliary cancer: ESMO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2010;21(Suppl 5):v65–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Saha SK, Zhu AX, Fuchs CS, Brooks GA. Forty-year trends in cholangiocarcinoma incidence in the U.S.: intrahepatic disease on the rise. Oncologist. 2016;21(5):594–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Aljiffry M, Abdulelah A, Walsh M, Peltekian K, Alwayn I, Molinari M. Evidence-based approach to cholangiocarcinoma: a systematic review of the current literature. J Am Coll Surg. 2009;208(1):134–47.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Weber SM, Ribero D, O'Reilly EM, Kokudo N, Miyazaki M, Pawlik TM. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: expert consensus statement. HPB (Oxford). 2015;17(8):669–80.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Banales JM, Cardinale V, Carpino G, Marzioni M, Andersen JB, Invernizzi P, et al. Expert consensus document: cholangiocarcinoma: current knowledge and future perspectives consensus statement from the European network for the study of cholangiocarcinoma (ENS-CCA). Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016;13(5):261–80.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Bridgewater J, Galle PR, Khan SA, Llovet JM, Park JW, Patel T, et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. J Hepatol. 2014;60(6):1268–89.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Lang H, Sotiropoulos GC, Fruhauf NR, Domland M, Paul A, Kind EM, et al. Extended hepatectomy for intrahepatic cholangiocellular carcinoma (ICC): when is it worthwhile? Single center experience with 27 resections in 50 patients over a 5-year period. Ann Surg. 2005;241(1):134–43.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  8. Hyder O, Marques H, Pulitano C, Marsh JW, Alexandrescu S, Bauer TW, et al. A nomogram to predict long-term survival after resection for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: an eastern and western experience. JAMA Surg. 2014;149(5):432–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Nathan H, Pawlik TM, Wolfgang CL, Choti MA, Cameron JL, Schulick RD. Trends in survival after surgery for cholangiocarcinoma: a 30-year population-based SEER database analysis. J Gastrointest Surg. 2007;11(11):1488–96; discussion 96–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Shimada K, Sano T, Nara S, Esaki M, Sakamoto Y, Kosuge T, et al. Therapeutic value of lymph node dissection during hepatectomy in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocellular carcinoma with negative lymph node involvement. Surgery. 2009;145(4):411–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Nakagohri T, Kinoshita T, Konishi M, Takahashi S, Gotohda N. Surgical outcome and prognostic factors in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. World J Surg. 2008;32(12):2675–80.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Uenishi T, Kubo S, Yamazaki O, Yamada T, Sasaki Y, Nagano H, et al. Indications for surgical treatment of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma with lymph node metastases. J Hepato-Biliary-Pancreat Surg. 2008;15(4):417–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Ruzzenente A, Conci S, Valdegamberi A, Pedrazzani C, Guglielmi A. Role of surgery in the treatment of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2015;19(15):2892–900.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Bektas H, Yeyrek C, Kleine M, Vondran FW, Timrott K, Schweitzer N, et al. Surgical treatment for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in Europe: a single center experience. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci. 2015;22(2):131–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Tao R, Krishnan S, Bhosale PR, Javle MM, Aloia TA, Shroff RT, et al. Ablative radiotherapy doses lead to a substantial prolongation of survival in patients with inoperable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a retrospective dose response analysis. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34(3):219–26.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Weber SM, Jarnagin WR, Klimstra D, DeMatteo RP, Fong Y, Blumgart LH. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: resectability, recurrence pattern, and outcomes. J Am Coll Surg. 2001;193(4):384–91.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Morimoto Y, Tanaka Y, Ito T, Nakahara M, Nakaba H, Nishida T, et al. Long-term survival and prognostic factors in the surgical treatment for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. J Hepato-Biliary-Pancreat Surg. 2003;10(6):432–40.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Blechacz B. Cholangiocarcinoma: current knowledge and new developments. Gut Liver. 2017;11(1):13–26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Valls C, Guma A, Puig I, Sanchez A, Andia E, Serrano T, et al. Intrahepatic peripheral cholangiocarcinoma: CT evaluation. Abdom Imaging. 2000;25(5):490–6.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Rimola J, Forner A, Reig M, Vilana R, de Lope CR, Ayuso C, et al. Cholangiocarcinoma in cirrhosis: absence of contrast washout in delayed phases by magnetic resonance imaging avoids misdiagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology. 2009;50(3):791–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Han JK, Choi BI, Kim AY, An SK, Lee JW, Kim TK, et al. Cholangiocarcinoma: pictorial essay of CT and cholangiographic findings. Radiographics. 2002;22(1):173–87.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Miller G, Schwartz LH, D'Angelica M. The use of imaging in the diagnosis and staging of hepatobiliary malignancies. Surg Oncol Clin N Am. 2007;16(2):343–68.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Galassi M, Iavarone M, Rossi S, Bota S, Vavassori S, Rosa L, et al. Patterns of appearance and risk of misdiagnosis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in cirrhosis at contrast enhanced ultrasound. Liver Int. 2013;33(5):771–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Annunziata S, Caldarella C, Pizzuto DA, Galiandro F, Sadeghi R, Giovanella L, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in the evaluation of the primary tumor in patients with cholangiocarcinoma: a meta-analysis. Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:247693.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Patel AH, Harnois DM, Klee GG, LaRusso NF, Gores GJ. The utility of CA 19-9 in the diagnoses of cholangiocarcinoma in patients without primary sclerosing cholangitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2000;95(1):204–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Charatcharoenwitthaya P, Enders FB, Halling KC, Lindor KD. Utility of serum tumor markers, imaging, and biliary cytology for detecting cholangiocarcinoma in primary sclerosing cholangitis. Hepatology. 2008;48(4):1106–17.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Singh S, Tang SJ, Sreenarasimhaiah J, Lara LF, Siddiqui A. The clinical utility and limitations of serum carbohydrate antigen (CA19-9) as a diagnostic tool for pancreatic cancer and cholangiocarcinoma. Dig Dis Sci. 2011;56(8):2491–6.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Leelawat K, Narong S, Wannaprasert J, Ratanashu-ek T. Prospective study of MMP7 serum levels in the diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma. World J Gastroenterol. 2010;16(37):4697–703.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Wongkham S, Silsirivanit A. State of serum markers for detection of cholangiocarcinoma. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2012;13 Suppl:17–27.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Uenishi T, Yamazaki O, Tanaka H, Takemura S, Yamamoto T, Tanaka S, et al. Serum cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA21-1) as a prognostic factor in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol. 2008;15(2):583–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Lumachi F, Lo Re G, Tozzoli R, D'Aurizio F, Facomer F, Chiara GB, et al. Measurement of serum carcinoembryonic antigen, carbohydrate antigen 19-9, cytokeratin-19 fragment and matrix metalloproteinase-7 for detecting cholangiocarcinoma: a preliminary case-control study. Anticancer Res. 2014;34(11):6663–7.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Kashihara T, Ohki A, Kobayashi T, Sato T, Nishizawa H, Ogawa K, et al. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma with increased serum CYFRA 21-1 level. J Gastroenterol. 1998;33(3):447–53.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Goodman ZD. Neoplasms of the liver. Mod Pathol. 2007;20(Suppl 1):S49–60.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Nakanuma Y, Sato Y, Harada K, Sasaki M, Xu J, Ikeda H. Pathological classification of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma based on a new concept. World J Hepatol. 2010;2(12):419–27.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Edge SB, Compton CC. The American Joint Committee on Cancer: the 7th edition of the AJCC cancer staging manual and the future of TNM. Ann Surg Oncol. 2010;17(6):1471–4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Sarmiento JM, Nagorney DM. Hepatic resection in the treatment of perihilar cholangiocarcinoma. Surg Oncol Clin N Am. 2002;11(4):893–908, viii–ix.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Gouma DJ. Multicentre European study of preoperative biliary drainage for hilar cholangiocarcinoma (Br J Surg 2013; 100: 274-283). Br J Surg. 2013;100(2):283–4.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Figueras J, Llado L, Valls C, Serrano T, Ramos E, Fabregat J, et al. Changing strategies in diagnosis and management of hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Liver Transpl. 2000;6(6):786–94.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Gomez D, Patel PB, Lacasia-Purroy C, Byrne C, Sturgess RP, Palmer D, et al. Impact of specialized multi-disciplinary approach and an integrated pathway on outcomes in hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2014;40(1):77–84.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Chapman WC, Sharp KW, Weaver F, Sawyers JL. Tumor seeding from percutaneous biliary catheters. Ann Surg. 1989;209(6):708–13; discussion 13–5.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Belghiti J, Ogata S. Preoperative optimization of the liver for resection in patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma. HPB (Oxford). 2005;7(4):252–3.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Walter T, Ho CS, Horgan AM, Warkentin A, Gallinger S, Greig PD, et al. Endoscopic or percutaneous biliary drainage for Klatskin tumors? J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2013;24(1):113–21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Ribero D, Pinna AD, Guglielmi A, Ponti A, Nuzzo G, Giulini SM, et al. Surgical approach for long-term survival of patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a multi-institutional analysis of 434 patients. Arch Surg. 2012;147(12):1107–13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Spolverato G, Kim Y, Alexandrescu S, Popescu I, Marques HP, Aldrighetti L, et al. Is hepatic resection for large or multifocal intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma justified? Results from a multi-institutional collaboration. Ann Surg Oncol. 2015;22(7):2218–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Abdalla EK. Portal vein embolization (prior to major hepatectomy) effects on regeneration, resectability, and outcome. J Surg Oncol. 2010;102(8):960–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Abdalla EK, Adam R, Bilchik AJ, Jaeck D, Vauthey JN, Mahvi D. Improving resectability of hepatic colorectal metastases: expert consensus statement. Ann Surg Oncol. 2006;13(10):1271–80.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. de Santibanes E, Clavien PA. Playing play-Doh to prevent postoperative liver failure: the “ALPPS” approach. Ann Surg. 2012;255(3):415–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Schadde E, Ardiles V, Robles-Campos R, Malago M, Machado M, Hernandez-Alejandro R, et al. Early survival and safety of ALPPS: first report of the international ALPPS registry. Ann Surg. 2014;260(5):829–36; discussion 36–8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. Ebata T, Yokoyama Y, Igami T, Sugawara G, Takahashi Y, Nimura Y, et al. Hepatopancreatoduodenectomy for cholangiocarcinoma: a single-center review of 85 consecutive patients. Ann Surg. 2012;256(2):297–305.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Tan JC, Coburn NG, Baxter NN, Kiss A, Law CH. Surgical management of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma--a population-based study. Ann Surg Oncol. 2008;15(2):600–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Ghali P, Marotta PJ, Yoshida EM, Bain VG, Marleau D, Peltekian K, et al. Liver transplantation for incidental cholangiocarcinoma: analysis of the Canadian experience. Liver Transpl. 2005;11(11):1412–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Shimoda M, Farmer DG, Colquhoun SD, Rosove M, Ghobrial RM, Yersiz H, et al. Liver transplantation for cholangiocellular carcinoma: analysis of a single-center experience and review of the literature. Liver Transpl. 2001;7(12):1023–33.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Sapisochin G, Facciuto M, Rubbia-Brandt L, Marti J, Mehta N, Yao FY, et al. Liver transplantation for “very early” intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: international retrospective study supporting a prospective assessment. Hepatology. 2016;64(4):1178–88.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. D'Angelica M, Fong Y, Weber S, Gonen M, DeMatteo RP, Conlon K, et al. The role of staging laparoscopy in hepatobiliary malignancy: prospective analysis of 401 cases. Ann Surg Oncol. 2003;10(2):183–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Goere D, Wagholikar GD, Pessaux P, Carrere N, Sibert A, Vilgrain V, et al. Utility of staging laparoscopy in subsets of biliary cancers : laparoscopy is a powerful diagnostic tool in patients with intrahepatic and gallbladder carcinoma. Surg Endosc. 2006;20(5):721–5.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Weber SM, DeMatteo RP, Fong Y, Blumgart LH, Jarnagin WR. Staging laparoscopy in patients with extrahepatic biliary carcinoma. Analysis of 100 patients. Ann Surg. 2002;235(3):392–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. McMasters KM, Tuttle TM, Leach SD, Rich T, Cleary KR, Evans DB, et al. Neoadjuvant chemoradiation for extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Am J Surg. 1997;174(6):605–8; discussion 8–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Hashimoto K, Tono T, Nishida K, Nonaka R, Tsunashima R, Fujie Y, et al. A case of curatively resected advanced intrahepatic cholangiocellular carcinoma through effective response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho. 2014;41(12):2083–5.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Mavros MN, Economopoulos KP, Alexiou VG, Pawlik TM. Treatment and prognosis for patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Surg. 2014;149(6):565–74.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. Takada T, Nimura Y, Katoh H, Nagakawa T, Nakayama T, Matsushiro T, et al. Prospective randomized trial of 5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and mitomycin C for non-resectable pancreatic and biliary carcinoma: multicenter randomized trial. Hepato-Gastroenterology. 1998;45(24):2020–6.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Neoptolemos JP, Moore MJ, Cox TF, Valle JW, Palmer DH, McDonald AC, et al. Effect of adjuvant chemotherapy with fluorouracil plus folinic acid or gemcitabine vs observation on survival in patients with resected periampullary adenocarcinoma: the ESPAC-3 periampullary cancer randomized trial. JAMA. 2012;308(2):147–56.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Horgan AM, Amir E, Walter T, Knox JJ. Adjuvant therapy in the treatment of biliary tract cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Oncol. 2012;30(16):1934–40.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. Murakami Y, Uemura K, Sudo T, Hashimoto Y, Nakashima A, Kondo N, et al. Prognostic factors after surgical resection for intrahepatic, hilar, and distal cholangiocarcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol. 2011;18(3):651–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  64. McNamara MG, Walter T, Horgan AM, Amir E, Cleary S, McKeever EL, et al. Outcome of adjuvant therapy in biliary tract cancers. Am J Clin Oncol. 2015;38(4):382–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Nakagawa T, Kamiyama T, Kurauchi N, Matsushita M, Nakanishi K, Kamachi H, et al. Number of lymph node metastases is a significant prognostic factor in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. World J Surg. 2005;29(6):728–33.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  66. Jiang W, Zeng ZC, Tang ZY, Fan J, Zhou J, Zeng MS, et al. Benefit of radiotherapy for 90 patients with resected intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and concurrent lymph node metastases. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2010;136(9):1323–31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. Miura JT, Johnston FM, Tsai S, George B, Thomas J, Eastwood D, et al. Chemotherapy for surgically resected intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol. 2015;22(11):3716–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  68. Sur MD, In H, Sharpe SM, Baker MS, Weichselbaum RR, Talamonti MS, et al. Defining the benefit of adjuvant therapy following resection for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol. 2015;22(7):2209–17.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  69. Hyder O, Hatzaras I, Sotiropoulos GC, Paul A, Alexandrescu S, Marques H, et al. Recurrence after operative management of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Surgery. 2013;153(6):811–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  70. Tabrizian P, Jibara G, Hechtman JF, Franssen B, Labow DM, Schwartz ME, et al. Outcomes following resection of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. HPB (Oxford). 2015;17(4):344–51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  71. Ercolani G, Vetrone G, Grazi GL, Aramaki O, Cescon M, Ravaioli M, et al. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: primary liver resection and aggressive multimodal treatment of recurrence significantly prolong survival. Ann Surg. 2010;252(1):107–14.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  72. Endo I, Gonen M, Yopp AC, Dalal KM, Zhou Q, Klimstra D, et al. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: rising frequency, improved survival, and determinants of outcome after resection. Ann Surg. 2008;248(1):84–96.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  73. Yamamoto M, Takasaki K, Otsubo T, Katsuragawa H, Katagiri S. Recurrence after surgical resection of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. J Hepato-Biliary-Pancreat Surg. 2001;8(2):154–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Cherqui D, Tantawi B, Alon R, Piedbois P, Rahmouni A, Dhumeaux D, et al. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Results of aggressive surgical management. Arch Surg. 1995;130(10):1073–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Sotiropoulos GC, Lang H, Broelsch CE. Surgical management of recurrent intrahepatic cholangiocellular carcinoma after liver resection. Surgery. 2005;137(6):669–70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  76. Konstadoulakis MM, Roayaie S, Gomatos IP, Labow D, Fiel MI, Miller CM, et al. Fifteen-year, single-center experience with the surgical management of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: operative results and long-term outcome. Surgery. 2008;143(3):366–74.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  77. Kim JH, Won HJ, Shin YM, Kim PN, Lee SG, Hwang S. Radiofrequency ablation for recurrent intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma after curative resection. Eur J Radiol. 2011;80(3):e221–5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  78. Sulpice L, Rayar M, Boucher E, Pracht M, Meunier B, Boudjema K. Treatment of recurrent intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Br J Surg. 2012;99(12):1711–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Boehm LM, Jayakrishnan TT, Miura JT, Zacharias AJ, Johnston FM, Turaga KK, et al. Comparative effectiveness of hepatic artery based therapies for unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. J Surg Oncol. 2015;111(2):213–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  80. Fu Y, Yang W, Wu W, Yan K, Xing BC, Chen MH. Radiofrequency ablation in the management of unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2012;23(5):642–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  81. Haidu M, Dobrozemsky G, Schullian P, Widmann G, Klaus A, Weiss H, et al. Stereotactic radiofrequency ablation of unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas: a retrospective study. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2012;35(5):1074–82.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  82. Valle J, Wasan H, Palmer DH, Cunningham D, Anthoney A, Maraveyas A, et al. Cisplatin plus gemcitabine versus gemcitabine for biliary tract cancer. N Engl J Med. 2010;362(14):1273–81.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Okusaka T, Nakachi K, Fukutomi A, Mizuno N, Ohkawa S, Funakoshi A, et al. Gemcitabine alone or in combination with cisplatin in patients with biliary tract cancer: a comparative multicentre study in Japan. Br J Cancer. 2010;103(4):469–74.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Bekaii-Saab T, Phelps MA, Li X, Saji M, Goff L, Kauh JS, et al. Multi-institutional phase II study of selumetinib in patients with metastatic biliary cancers. J Clin Oncol. 2011;29(17):2357–63.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Borad MJ, Champion MD, Egan JB, Liang WS, Fonseca R, Bryce AH, et al. Integrated genomic characterization reveals novel, therapeutically relevant drug targets in FGFR and EGFR pathways in sporadic intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. PLoS Genet. 2014;10(2):e1004135.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  86. Costello BA, Borad MJ, Qi Y, Kim GP, Northfelt DW, Erlichman C, et al. Phase I trial of everolimus, gemcitabine and cisplatin in patients with solid tumors. Investig New Drugs. 2014;32(4):710–6.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA

    Richard Tang, Nicholas Latchana & Timothy M. Pawlik

  2. Department of Surgery, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA

    Amir A. Rahnemai-Azar

Authors
  1. Richard Tang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Nicholas Latchana
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Amir A. Rahnemai-Azar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Timothy M. Pawlik
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Timothy M. Pawlik .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Surgical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University Hospital Midtown, Atlanta, GA, USA

    Kenneth Cardona

  2. Division of Surgical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, GA, USA

    Shishir K. Maithel

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Tang, R., Latchana, N., Rahnemai-Azar, A.A., Pawlik, T.M. (2018). Guidelines for Resection of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma. In: Cardona, K., Maithel, S. (eds) Primary and Metastatic Liver Tumors. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91977-5_8

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91977-5_8

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-91976-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-91977-5

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation