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Advances in Plant Breeding Strategies: Fruits pp 773–809Cite as

Breeding of Garcinia spp.

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Abstract

Garcinias are trees known for their delicious fruits and medicinal value. Garcinia mangostana L. (mangosteen or purple mangosteen ); G. gummi-gutta (L.) N. Bobson. (Malabar tamarind ) and G. indica Choisy (kokum ) are the major species cultivated in tropical countries. Most Garcinia species are apomictic and hence, have narrow genetic diversity . However, germplasm exploration and analysis of genetic diversity using morphological and molecular markers depict variability in architecture of the tree, fruit shape, color, size, yield , nutrients, phytochemical levels, tolerance to drought and salinity , and other useful characteristics. Therefore, selection is the first criterion for the improvement of Garcinia species. Superior genotypes have been selected with respect to size and shape of the fruit , seed number, shelf life, fruiting precocity and external coloration, in all three Garcinia species from natural populations and released for cultivation . Efforts have been made to improve these crops through mutation breeding as well. Selection of rootstock and grafting has been carried out for the improvement of drought tolerance , salinity tolerance, tree architecture and early flowering . Micropropagation of mangosteen and kokum was achieved using seed and seedling explants. Recent breeding programs to improve the Garcinias are highlighted in this review.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India for funding the PURSE-Phase II program to Karnatak University, Dharwad, India.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad, 580003, India

    Hosakatte Niranjana Murthy, Vijayalaxmi S. Dandin & Dayanand Dalawai

  2. Research Center for the Development of Advanced Horticultural Technology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 261-763, Republic of Korea

    So-Young Park & Kee-Yoeup Paek

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  1. Hosakatte Niranjana Murthy
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  2. Vijayalaxmi S. Dandin
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  3. Dayanand Dalawai
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  4. So-Young Park
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  5. Kee-Yoeup Paek
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Correspondence to Hosakatte Niranjana Murthy .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, King Faisal University, Al-Hassa, Saudi Arabia

    Jameel M. Al-Khayri

  2. Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

    Shri Mohan Jain

  3. Cincinnati, Ohio, USA

    Dennis V. Johnson

Appendices

Appendix 1

Research institutes involved in germplasm collection , maintenance and research on mangosteen , Malarbar tamarind, and kokum and online resources

Institute

Location

Centre for Tropical Fruit Studies

Bogor Agricultural University, Kampu IBP, Barnangsiang, JI Pajajaran Bogor 16143, Indonesia

Indian Institute of Spices Research

Calicut 673012, Kerala, India

Prince of Songkla Universit,

Hat Yai 900112, Thailand

Dr. B. S. Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeet

Dapoli, 415712, Maharashtra, India

College of Forestry

University Agricultural Sciences, Sirsi 481 401, Karnataka, India

National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR) Regional Station

Kerala Agricultural University P.O., Vellanikkera 680 656, Thrissur, Kerala, India

Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)

Research Complex for Goa, Ela, Old Goa 403402, Goa, India

Central Horticultural Experimental Station

Chettalli 571248, Kodagu, Karnataka, India

Forest Research Institute of Malaysia

Kepong, 52109 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Kasetsart University

Bangkok 10900, Thailand

Osman and Milan (2006) Mangosteen

Garcinia mangostana. Southampton Centre for Underutilised Crops, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK. ISBN: 0854328173

Appendix 2

Genetic Resources

  1. 1.

    Centre for Tropical Fruit Studies, Bogor Agricultural University, Kampu IBP, Barnangsiang, JI Pajajaran Bogor 16143 Indonesia has maintained Garcinia mangostana L. (mangosteen ) germplasm and this center has released new varieties of mangosteen namely Mangosteen Wanayasa, Mangosteen Puspahiang and Mangosteen Malinau.

  2. 2.

    Dr. B. S. Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeet, Dapoli, 415712, Maharashtra, India has maintained Garcinia indica Choisy (kokum ) germplasm collected from Maharastra, Goa and Karnataka states and this institute has released two elite varieties of komum namely Konakan Amruta (early type, long shelf life and apple -shaped fruits) and Konkan Hatis (high yielding, bold size fruits with thick rind).

  3. 3.

    National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR) Regional Station, Kerala Agricultural University P.O., Vellanikkera 680 656, Thrissur, Kerala, India has maintained Garcinia gummi-gutta (Malabar tamarind ) and G. indica (kokum ) collections. This ICAR research center has released Malabar tamarind varieties i.e., IC244100-2 (INGR No.04061) and IC244111-1(INGR No. 04062) which are early fruit -bearing varieties (6–7 years) and kokum variety IC136687-3 (INGR No. 04063) which is a high-yielding variety .

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Murthy, H.N., Dandin, V.S., Dalawai, D., Park, SY., Paek, KY. (2018). Breeding of Garcinia spp.. In: Al-Khayri, J., Jain, S., Johnson, D. (eds) Advances in Plant Breeding Strategies: Fruits. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91944-7_19

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