Abstract
Off-grid systems make use of a variety of converters and controllers to condition and facilitate the flow of power from source to load. This chapter begins with an introduction to the fundamentals of power electronics that are important to understanding converters and controllers: solid-state switches, pulse width modulation, and harmonics and distortion. The operating principles, applications, and practical considerations of several converters particularly relevant to off-grid systems are presented, including DC–DC converters, maximum power point trackers, solar and AC battery chargers, rectifiers, automatic voltage regulators, electronic load controllers, and inverters.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Bonert, R., Hoops, G.: Stand alone induction generator with terminal impedance controller and no turbine controls. IEEE Trans. Energy Convers. 5(1), 28–31 (1990). DOI 10.1109/60.50808
Bonert, R., Rajakaruna, S.: Self-excited induction generator with excellent voltage and frequency control. IEE Proc. Gener. Transm. Distrib. 145(1), 33–39 (1998). DOI 10.1049/ip-gtd:19981680
Çelik, Ö., Teke, A., Tan, A.: Overview of micro-inverters as a challenging technology in photovoltaic applications. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 82, 3191–3206 (2018). DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.10.024. URL http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032117313850
Crompton, T.: 48 - taper charging of lead-acid motive power batteries. In: Crompton, T. (ed.) Battery Reference Book (Third Edition), 3rd edn., pp. 1–6. Newnes, Oxford (2000). DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-075064625-3/50049-4. URL https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780750646253500494
Espinoza, J.R.: 15 - inverters. In: Rashid, M.H. (ed.) Power Electronics Handbook (Third Edition), 3rd edn., pp. 357–408. Butterworth-Heinemann, Boston (2011). DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-382036-5.00015-X. URL http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B978012382036500015X
Gao, D.Z., Sun, K.: 16 - DC–AC inverters. In: Rashid, M.H. (ed.) Electric Renewable Energy Systems, pp. 354–381. Academic Press, Boston (2016). DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-804448-3.00016-5. URL https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128044483000165
Grady, W.M.: Harmonics and how they relate to power factor. In: Proc. of the EPRI Power Quality Issues & Opportunities Conference (1993)
Harvey, A., Brown, A., Hettiarachi, P., Inversin, A.: Micro-Hydro Design Manual. Practical Action Publishing (1993)
Jana, J., Saha, H., Bhattacharya, K.D.: A review of inverter topologies for single-phase grid-connected photovoltaic systems. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 72, 1256–1270 (2017). DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.10.049. URL http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032116306943
Krein, P.T.: Elements of Power Electronics. Oxford University Press (1998)
Muljadi, E., Drouilhet, S., Holz, R., Gevorgian, V.: Analysis of permanent magnet generator for wind power battery charging. In: Industry Applications Conference, 1996. Thirty-First IAS Annual Meeting, IAS ’96., Conference Record of the 1996 IEEE, vol. 1, pp. 541–548 (1996). DOI https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.1996.557087
Nayar, C., Islam, S., Dehbonei, H., Tan, K., Sharma, H.: 27 - power electronics for renewable energy sources. In: Rashid, M.H. (ed.) Power Electronics Handbook (Second Edition), Engineering, 2nd edn., pp. 673–716. Academic Press, Burlington (2007). DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012088479-7/50045-6. URL http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780120884797500456
Sari, Z., Amgoud, K., Bouabdallah, M.A.: Microprocessor based switching mode power supply with a standby battery. IFAC Proc. Vol. 25(8), 591–598 (1992). DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-6670(17)54114-2. URL http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1474667017541142. IFAC Workshop on Automatic Control for Quality and Productivity (ACQP’92), Istanbul, Turkey, 3–5 June 1992
Singh, R.R., Chelliah, T.R., Agarwal, P.: Power electronics in hydro electric energy systems – A review. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 32, 944–959 (2014). DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.01.041. URL http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032114000525
Pistoia, G.: Chapter 7 - battery safety, management and charging. In: Pistoia, G. (ed.) Batteries for Portable Devices, pp. 163–191. Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam (2005). DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-044451672-5/50007-7. URL https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780444516725500077
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Louie, H. (2018). Off-Grid System Converters and Controllers. In: Off-Grid Electrical Systems in Developing Countries. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91890-7_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91890-7_9
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-91889-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-91890-7
eBook Packages: EnergyEnergy (R0)