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Introduction

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Electronic Characterisation of Earth‐Abundant Sulphides for Solar Photovoltaics

Part of the book series: Springer Theses ((Springer Theses))

Abstract

We, as humans, are at a unique point in history. Throughout the ages, mankind has predicted and prophesied its own demise, but never yet has this come to fruition. At present, we have reached such a level of technological advancement that we are able to predict how this will happen.

One thing I feel sure of… is that the human race must finally utilise direct sun power or revert to barbarism.

Frank Schuman, Solar Energy Pioneer, 1913

The original version of this chapter was revised: Table was reformatted and the references to the table were cited. The correction to this chapter is available at https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91665-1_8

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Notes

  1. 1.

    An apologetic term used for non-renewable resources when they are not used to generate electricity.

  2. 2.

    Which costs further energy.

  3. 3.

    Which is environmentally damaging.

  4. 4.

    See Fig. 1.1.

  5. 5.

    “Of a natural resource or source of energy: capable of being replenished, not depleted by its utilization” [9].

  6. 6.

    Calculations for this can be found in Appendix A, Sect. A.1.

  7. 7.

    See Fig. 1.2a.

  8. 8.

    E.g. P in Si.

  9. 9.

    E.g. B in Si.

  10. 10.

    See Fig. 1.5a.

  11. 11.

    See Fig. 1.5c.

  12. 12.

    See Fig. 1.5b.

  13. 13.

    E.g. silicon with n- and p-type doping.

  14. 14.

    See Fig. 1.5b.

  15. 15.

    See the bottom panels of Fig. 1.8.

  16. 16.

    See (1) and (2) in Fig. 1.7.

  17. 17.

    Utilising a pn junction.

  18. 18.

    ~1.0 eV [56].

  19. 19.

    ~1.1 to 1.2 eV.

  20. 20.

    See Fig. 1.13.

  21. 21.

    Especially its use as a replacement for lead in solder [92].

  22. 22.

    Chapters 3 and 4, respectively.

  23. 23.

    ASTM International standard (G173–03) [94].

  24. 24.

    CZTSSe contains selenium and is not of interest here.

  25. 25.

    See Fig. 1.22a.

  26. 26.

    None have yet been reported, but it is assumed to be 1% for these calculations.

  27. 27.

    See Fig. 1.22b.

  28. 28.

    See Sect. 1.4.

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    Thomas James Whittles

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Whittles, T.J. (2018). Introduction. In: Electronic Characterisation of Earth‐Abundant Sulphides for Solar Photovoltaics. Springer Theses. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91665-1_1

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