Abstract
This chapter shows how women entrepreneurs in Africa generate significant benefits for their countries economically, socially and environmentally. They continue, however, to face significant cultural, social and legal barriers to the entrepreneurial process. The support of governments, institutions, and local and international companies will be vital to the development of entrepreneurial initiatives among women in the sustainable fashion sector and above all, to the consolidation over time of empowering business activities that provide equality for women.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
In this manual, the Fashion sector is understood in broad terms and includes activities developed in the textile, accessories, footwear, and even crafts.
- 2.
Videos of the meetings can be found on BongoHive’s YouTube channel. For the meeting with KC Vaghela, see https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Y7NoPZO5iI.
- 3.
According to the World Bank website the IBRD is “a global development cooperative owned by 189 member countries. It provides loan, guarantees, risk management products, and advisory services to middle-income and creditworthy low-income countries, as well as by coordinating responses to regional and global challenges.”
- 4.
Wi-Fi It is popularly known as “Ivanka Fund”, because of the involvement of Ivanka Trump, daughter of US President Donald Trump, selected several projects of the Islamic Development Bank to complement and expand successful businesses led by women in Yemen, Mali and Nigeria, and the Asian Development Bank to improve the female business environment in Sri Lanka.
References
Al Mubaraki, M., & Busler, M. (2011). The development of entrepreneurial companies through business incubator programs. International Journal of Emerging Sciences,1(2), 1–95.
AVCA. (2018). https://www.avca-africa.org.
AWDF. (2018). http://awdf.org.
Barbero, J. L., Casillas, J. C., Ramos, A., & Guitar, S. (2012). Revisiting incubation performance: How incubator typology affects results. Technological Forecasting and Social Change,79(5), 888–902.
Bertenbreiter, B. (2013). Three types of incubators in Africa. https://vc4a.com/blog/2013/03/13/three-types-of-incubators-in-africa/.
Botha, M. (2006). Measuring the effectiveness of the women entrepreneurship programme, as a training intervention, on potential, start-up and established women entrepreneurs in South Africa (Doctoral dissertation). University of Pretoria.
Botha, M., Nieman, G. H., & Van Vuuren, J. J. (2006). Evaluating the women entrepreneurship training programme: A South African study. International Indigenous Journal of Entrepreneurship, Advancement, Strategy and Education,15, 4–11.
Bridge, I. (2017). Women entrepreneurship in South Africa: Understanding the role of competencies in business success. The Southern African Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Management,9(1), 1–9.
Carter, S. (2000). Improving the numbers and performance of women-owned businesses: Some implications for training and advisory services. Education & Training,42(4/5), 326–334.
Castro, A. S. (2018). En África, la moda se explota como vector de desarrollo. Fashionunited.https://fashionunited.es/noticias/moda/en-africa-la-moda-se-explota-como-vector-de-desarrollo/2018033025925.
Chinonye, M. L., Iyiola, O. O., Akinbode, M. O., Obigbemi, I. A., & Eke, O. P. (2015). Women entrepreneurship in Nigeria: Policy framework, challenges and remedies. Kasmera,43(2), 2–21.
Dary, S. K., & Haruna, I. (2013). Exploring innovations in microfinance institutions in Northern Ghana. Business and Economic Research,3(1), 442.
Davies, T. (2018). https://www.linkedin.com/in/tomidee/.
Disrupt-Africa.com. (2016). http://disrupt-africa.com/2016/07/7-universities-backing-african-tech-startups/.
Forbes. (2017). Why do female entrepreneurs receive less than 3% of all venture capital funding? https://www.forbes.com/sites/quora/2017/12/01/why-do-female-entrepreneurs-receive-less-than-3-of-all-venture-capital-funding/#1627693934fb.
Fuertes, A., & Chowdhury, N. (2009). Los microcréditos como instrumento de erradicación de la pobreza. In A. Cortina y G. Pereira (Eds.), Pobreza y libertad: erradicar la pobreza desde el enfoque de las capacidades de Amartya Sen (pp. 235–262). Madrid: Tecnos.
Garba, S. A. (2011). Stumbling block for women entrepreneurship in Nigeria: How risk attitude and lack of capital mitigates their need for business expansion. European Journal of Economics, Finance, and Administrative Sciences,36, 38–49.
Ghatak, M. (2000). Screening by the company you keep: Joint liability lending and the peer selection effect. The Economic Journal,110(465), 601–631.
Green Jobs Program. (2018). http://www.zambiagreenjobs.org/index.php/business-services/business-linkages.
Hackett, S. M., & Dilts, D. M. (2004). A systematic review of business incubation research. The Journal of Technology Transfer,29(1), 55–82.
Hannan, C. (2000, November 23–24). Gender mainstreaming in economic development in the United Nations. Session on Gender Mainstreaming in International and Regional Organizations at the ministerial-level conference Gender Mainstreaming, Competitiveness and Growth. OECD, Paris.
Henry, C., Hill, F., & Leitch, C. (2005). Entrepreneurship education and training: Can entrepreneurship be taught? Part I. Education & Training,47(2), 98–111.
Hill, B. E., & Power, D. (2002). Attracting capital from angels: How their money-and their experience-can help you build a successful company. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Infodev. (2018). http://www.infodev.org/.
Ipsos. (2016). Ipsos Affluent Africa 2016.
Iyiola, O. O., & Azuh, D. (2014). Women Entrepreneurs as Small-medium Enterprise (SME) Operators and their roles in Socio-economic Development in Ota, Nigeria. International Journal of Economics, Business and Finance, 2(1), 1–10.
Jenkins, R., & Edwards, C. (2006). The economic impacts of China and India on sub-Saharan Africa: Trends and prospects. Journal of Asian Economics,17(2), 207–225.
Joireman, S. F. (2008). The mystery of capital formation in Sub-Saharan Africa: Women, property rights and customary law. World Development,36(7), 1233–1246.
Kelele Africa. (2018). http://www.keleleafrica.org/projects/empowerment/.
LaCalle, M. (2008). Microcréditos y pobreza: De un sueño al Nobel de la Paz. Madrid: Turpial editorial.
Lagos Angel Network. (2018). http://www.lagosangelnetwork.net/.
Leke, A., Lund, S., & Roxburgh, C. (2010). What’s driving Africa’s growth.https://www.mckinsey.com/featured-insights/middle-east-and-africa/whats-driving-africas-growth.
Macht, S. A., & Robinson, J. (2009). Do business angels benefit their investee companies? International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research,15(2), 187–208.
Maes, J. P., & Reed, L. R. (2012). State of the microcredit summit campaign report 2012. Washington, DC: Microcredit Summit Campaign (MCS).
Maleko, J. (2008). Mainstreaming gender into trade and development strategies: The case of East Africa. Trade Negotiations and Africa Series: No. 5. New York: United Nations.
Maringanti, A. (2009). Urban pulse-urbanizing microfinance: Examples from India. Urban Geography,7, 685–693.
Masutha, M., & Rogerson, C. M. (2014). Small enterprise development in South Africa: The role of business incubators. Bulletin of Geography. Socio-Economic Series,26(26), 141–155.
Ministry of Community Development, Mother and Child Health. (2014). National social protection policy: Reducing poverty, inequality and vulnerability (Working paper). http://www.social-protection.org/gimi/RessourcePDF.action?ressource.ressourceId=54164.
Modaes. (2017). https://www.modaes.es/entorno/etiopia-130-fabricas-y-37000-trabajadores-en-el-nuevo-hub-del-textil.html.
Monitor, G. E. (2015). Global entrepreneurship monitor 2014 global report. Babson College, Babson Park, MA, United States.
Moreno-Gavara, C., & Jiménez-Zarco, A. (2015). The power of women business angels: Breaking the double glass ceiling that limits women’s entrepreneurial dreams. In Women’s Voices in Management (pp. 236–253). London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Mumba, D. (2014). Empowering women entrepreneurs in Africa: Investigating information access and use of information and communication technologies by women-owned enterprises in Zambia (Doctoral thesis). The School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, University of Western Ontario London, ON, Canada.
Prestad. (2018). https://prestad.org/proyectos/page/2/?tipo=0&orden=0¯oproyectos=0.
Shopsoko. (2018). https://shopsoko.com/.
The Center for Global Entrepreneurship (CGE). (2018). https://www.thecge.net/awec/.
UNCTAD, C. D. (2012). Informe sobre Economía de la Información, la industrial del software y los países en desarrollo. Washington, DC: UNCTAD.
UNICEF. (2013). Female genital mutilation cutting: A statistical overview and exploitation of the dynamic of change. http://data.unicef.org/resources/female-genital-mutilationcutting-statistical-overview-exploration-dynamics-change/.
United Nation Development Programme. (2018). 2018 human development statistical update. http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2018_human_development_statistical_update.pdf.
US Department of State. (2018). https://www.state.gov/p/af/rt/awep/.
Van Vuuren, J. J., & Groenewald, D. (2007). A critical analysis of the influence of start-up factors in small businesses and entrepreneurial ventures in SA. Acta Commercii,7(1), 269–280.
Venture Capital for Africa. (2018). https://vc4a.com/.
Ventureburn. (2018). http://ventureburn.com/.
We-Fi. (2018). http://we-fi.org/.
Witbooi, M., & Ukpere, W. (2011). Indigenous female entrepreneurship: Analytical study on access to finance for women entrepreneurs in South Africa. African Journal of Business Management,5(14), 5646.
World Bank. (2018). http://www.worldbank.org/en/about/annual-report-2015/regions/afr.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Moreno-Gavara, C., Jiménez-Zarco, A.I., Alabi, S.A.O. (2019). Challenges and Opportunities for Women Entrepreneurs. In: Moreno-Gavara, C., Jiménez-Zarco, A. (eds) Sustainable Fashion. Palgrave Studies of Entrepreneurship in Africa. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91265-3_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91265-3_6
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-91264-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-91265-3
eBook Packages: Business and ManagementBusiness and Management (R0)