Abstract
Population living standards can be defined as a complex social and economic category reflecting the level of supply of necessary material goods and services to the population, the achieved consumption level of these material goods and services and the extent of satisfying reasonable (rational) needs.
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Notes
- 1.
http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/gdp and beyond/achievements.
- 2.
Housing stock is the totality of all living quarters irrespectively of their ownership type, including residential houses, special purpose buildings (dormitories, shelters, premises for temporary residence of refugees and forced migrants, houses for the lonely old-aged, nursing homes for disabled and others), apartments and other living quarters suited for dwelling. Housing stock does not include structures and premises designated for rest, seasonal and temporary residence: country houses, summer garden cottages, sports and tourist lodges, motels, camping sites, sanatoriums, holiday houses, resort hotels, hotels, barracks, railways cars and others.
- 3.
The amount of the minimum living wage in Moscow in 2016 (the 1st quarter data) per capita is 15,041 roubles per month; for children—13,198 roubles per month, for pensioners—10,623 roubles per month. The amount of the minimum living wage in Russia in 2016 (the 1st quarter data)—per capita is 9776 roubles per month; for pensioners—8025 per month; for children—9677 per month.
- 4.
In Russia, it amounts to 7500 roubles per month (Federal Law of February 06, 2016 “On Amending the Minimal Monthly Wage”). In Moscow, it amounts to 17,300 roubles.
- 5.
The share of the poor in Russia as of the end of March 2016 was 15.9%. It is worth mentioning that one year before, this indicator amounted to 13.8%, and at the end of 2014—11.2%.
- 6.
The methodological provisions on calculating the indicators of population incomes and spending [Electronic resource]//Available: http://www.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_main/rosstat/ru/statistics/population/level/# (Accessed 14 October 2016).
- 7.
Data are provided by the Federal Tax Service of Russia at the federal level with the breakdown by the constituent entities of the Russian Federation (Form No. 2-NDFL).
- 8.
Methodological provisions on calculating the indicators of population monetary incomes and expenditures [Electronic resource] // Available: http://www.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_main/rosstat/ru/statistics/population/level/# (Accessed 14 October 2016).
- 9.
The scope of utility services takes into account the amounts of reductions on their payments if the reductions are provided via money transfer to people’s bank accounts. If the provided social support is considered in the utility bills (with subsequent reimbursement of the expenditures incurred by organizations for these purposes), then the scope of utility services reflects the actual amount paid by population (without subsidies and social support).
- 10.
They are calculated at the federal level with the breakdown for the constituent entities of the Russian Federation on the basis of the data of OBDKH (Study of Households’ Budgets) and VPN-2002 (Russian Census of 2002).
- 11.
They include income taxes of individuals including those who are not tax residents of the Russian Federation, individual entrepreneurs with different taxation mode and other taxes, duties, penalties, customs payments, and are identified by the data of the Federal Tax Service of Russia and the Bank of Russia.
- 12.
Differentiation is the term of Latin origin. It means difference, inequality, dividing and stratification of the whole into various parts, stages and forms.
- 13.
This conclusion hereinafter was called the Pareto Principle. It states that there is an inverse proportion between the level of incomes and the number of income recipients: 80% of the GDP is controlled by 20% of population, and the remaining 20% of the GDP is distributed among 80% of population. For this reason, the Pareto principle is called “80/20 rule”.
- 14.
The Gini method is one of the statistical analysis theories of the economic situation on the state and regional scale by a non-representative set of random variables having a different nature and interconnected through correlation.
- 15.
Federal Law as of October 24, 1997 No. 134-FZ “On the Living Wage in the Russian Federation” (edition as of December 3, 2012).
- 16.
It was placed on the official website of the Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation under the Document Bank section.
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Sibirskaya, E.V., Oveshnikova, L.V., Mikheykina, L.A., Lyapina, I.R. (2019). Statistics of Living Standards of Population. In: Economic Systems Analysis: Statistical Indicators. Studies in Systems, Decision and Control, vol 158. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91247-9_3
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