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Professionalization of the Private Peacemaking Sector

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The Era of Private Peacemakers

Part of the book series: Rethinking Peace and Conflict Studies ((RCS))

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Abstract

There have already been different kinds nongovernmental actors in peace processes in the Cold War era (discussed in details in Chapter 4), but the field of private peacemakers has changed enormously during recent decades. First, the established and widely recognized field of private peacemaking organizations at the surface of official and nonofficial peace diplomacy has emerged. Tens of new transnational organizations with a particular niche in peace mediation have been founded and many organization have shifted their focus from a humanitarian, development and research focus to peace mediation. Private peacemaking organizations can be roughly divided into two groups according to their self-identification: private diplomacy organizations and faith-based organizations (FBO). Second, this sector has not only grown in number but, in recent years, has demonstrated the professionalization of private peacemaking. An essential part of the development and professionalization of private peacemaking has been increasing the brainstorming energy invested in the revision of strategical thinking, including in-depth analysis of the essence and objectives of peace processes; rethinking appropriate means and approaches of peace mediation; and reassessments of the role of private peacemakers themselves.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Mapendere; Régnier (2011).

  2. 2.

    MSN website: Interview with Joenpolvi, Dec 2017.

  3. 3.

    Ibid.

  4. 4.

    MSN website.

  5. 5.

    Oslo Forum site; National Dialogues website; Interview with Eronen and Patokallio, Jan 2018.

  6. 6.

    Interview with Eronen et al., Jan 2017; Interview with Eronen and Patokallio, Jan 2018.

  7. 7.

    https://www.clingendael.org/.

  8. 8.

    Interview with Patokallio and Eronen, Jan 2018; Interview with Joenpolvi, Dec 2017.

  9. 9.

    CMI: Peer & Trends Analysis (internal use only).

  10. 10.

    MSN website; CMI: Peer & Trends Analysis; Interview with Joenpolvi, Nov 2018.

  11. 11.

    Herrberg and Kumpulainen (2008).

  12. 12.

    Fischer (2011).

  13. 13.

    Berghof website https://www.berghof-foundation.org/.

  14. 14.

    HD website https://www.hdcentre.org/.

  15. 15.

    “About Us,” CMI 2017, accessed January 7, 2017, http://cmi.fi/.

  16. 16.

    Interview with Eronen et al., Jan 2017.

  17. 17.

    CMI, “Peace on Piggy Island! Martti Ahtisaari Negotiates Truce Between Birds and Pigs,” Youtube video, 3:01, posted by “Angry Birds,” November 9, 2014, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-9T4GrQV_Vs; CMI, “Santa Summit,” Youtube video, 2:19, posted by “CMIFinland,” October 17, 2016, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TrNEi7ASLGI.

  18. 18.

    CMI Programme Report (2014–2016), CMI Annual Report 2017.

  19. 19.

    Shea (2016, pp. 186–194).

  20. 20.

    Shea (2016, pp. 186–194).

  21. 21.

    Interview with Joenpolvi, Dec 2017.

  22. 22.

    Mikko Patokallio, personal communication, March 13, 2017.

  23. 23.

    Barnett and Stein (2012, pp. 3–36).

  24. 24.

    Bercovitch and Kadayifci-Orellana (2009, pp. 175–204).

  25. 25.

    Smock (2001), Tsjeard Bouta et al. (2005), Sampson (2007).

  26. 26.

    “Finance and Accountability,” Network, accessed February 22, 2017, https://www.peacemakersnetwork.org/about-us/finance-accountability/.

  27. 27.

    Interview with Abdile et al. (Network), Sept 2016; Interview with Jooenpolvi 2017, Interview with Abdile, Jan 2018.

  28. 28.

    “Finance and Accountability,” Network, accessed February 22, 2017, https://www.peacemakersnetwork.org/about-us/finance-accountability/.

  29. 29.

    Interview with Joenpolvi, Dec 2017; Interview with Abdile, Jan 2018; UN: Activities in Support of Mediation. Report of the Secretary-General.

  30. 30.

    Interview with Abdile, Jan 2018.

  31. 31.

    Network, Memorandum of Understanding of the Network for Religious and Traditional Peacemakers, unpublished manuscript, August 20, 2015.

  32. 32.

    “Our Work,” the Network, accessed February 22, 2017, https://www.peacemakersnetwork.org/our-work/.

  33. 33.

    Network, Progress Status of the Network projects (Helsinki: The Secretariat of the Network for Religious and Traditional Peacemakers 2016).

  34. 34.

    “History,” FCA, accessed January 10, 2017, https://www.kirkonulkomaanapu.fi/en/us/history/.

  35. 35.

    Interview with Abdile and Rytkönen, Nov 2016.

  36. 36.

    FCA, Annual Report 2016, FCA Global Strategy from 2017 onwards; Intrerview with Abdile, Jan 2018, FCA, Draft version: Sections on the Right to Peace theme in the forthcoming FCA Global Programme 2018–2023; See also Lepomäki (2017).

  37. 37.

    Laisi and Rintakoski (2014, p. 108), Rintakoski, pers. comm., March 19, 2017, Felm, Annual Report 2015, accessed 3 August 2016, http://www.suomenlahetysseura.fi/ls_en/www/lahetysseura/home/about_felm/. Ibid.

  38. 38.

    Interview with Rintakoski and Saarnivaara, Sept 2016.

  39. 39.

    Rintakoski, pers. comm., March 19, 2017.

  40. 40.

    Interview with Rintakoski and Saarnivaara, Sept 2016; CSI and Felm, The Syria Initiative (Helsinki: Finnish Evangelical Lutheran Mission 2015).

  41. 41.

    Interview with Abdile et al., Sept 2016; Network, Progress Status of the Network Projects.

  42. 42.

    Interview with Rintakoski and Saarnivaara, Sept 2016.

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  1. Tampere Peace Research Institute, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland

    Marko Lehti

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Lehti, M. (2019). Professionalization of the Private Peacemaking Sector. In: The Era of Private Peacemakers. Rethinking Peace and Conflict Studies. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91201-1_8

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