Abstract
South Asian Americans comprise one of the largest and fastest growing Asian immigrant subgroups. However, research on the health care needs of this population remains sparse. Although South Asian communities are diverse and have distinct immigration histories, they share common cultural values including collectivism, cultural understanding of morality, and gender role expectations. These values along with systemic inequities, such as acculturative stress and race-based discrimination, can have a unique influence on the health of the South Asian Americans. It is important that health care providers are aware of the influence of cultural values on South Asian American patients, as well as be equipped to provide culturally competent health care to this population.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Abraham, M. (1995). Ethnicity, gender and marital violence: South Asian women's organizations in the United States. Gender & Society, 9, 450–468. https://doi.org/10.1177/089124395009004004.
Ahmad, F., Shik, A., Vanza, R., Cheung, A., George, U., & Stewart, D. E. (2004). Popular health promotion strategies among Chinese and East Indian immigrant women. Women & Health, 40, 21–40. https://doi.org/10.1300/J013v40n01_02.
Ahmad, F., Rai, N., Petrovic, B., Erickson, P. E., & Stewart, D. E. (2013). Resilience and resources among south Asian immigrant women as survivors of partner violence. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 15, 1057–1064. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10903-013-9836-2.
Ahmed, S. M., & Lemkau, J. P. (2000). Cultural issues in the primary care of south Asians. Journal of Immigrant Health, 2, 89–96. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009585918590.
Annie, R. (2014). The Longer You Stay, the Worse Your Health? A Critical Review of the Negative Acculturation Theory among Asian Immigrants. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 11(8), 8038–8057.
Astin, F., Atkin, K., & Darr, A. (2008). Causal attributions, lifestyle change, and coronary heart disease: Illness beliefs of patients of South Asian and European origin living in the United Kingdom. Heart & Lung: The Journal of Acute and Critical Care, 37, 91–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrtlng.2007.03.004.
Atkinson, D. R., & Gim, R. H. (1989). Asian-American cultural identity and attitudes toward mental health services. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 36, 209–212. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.36.2.209.
Ayyub, R. (2000). Domestic violence in the south Asian Muslim immigrant population in the United States. Journal of Social Distress and the Homeless, 9, 237–248. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009412119016.
Ballard, C. (1982). South Asian families. In R. N. Rapoport & M. P. Fogarty (Eds.), Families in Britain. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
Banerjee, A. T., Grace, S. L., Thomas, S. G., & Faulkner, G. (2010). Cultural factors facilitating cardiac rehabilitation participation among Canadian South Asians: A qualitative study. Heart & Lung: The Journal of Acute and Critical Care, 39(6), 494–503. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrtlng.2009.10.021.
Beadnell, B., Baker, S. A., Morrison, D. M., & Knox, K. (2000). HIV/STD risk factors for women with violent male partners. Sex Roles, 42, 661–689. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007003623810.
Bem, S. L. (1983). Gender schema theory and its implications for child development: Raising gender-aschematic children in a gender-schematic society. Signs, 8, 598–616.
Benson, H. (1996). Timeless healing: The power and biology of belief. New York: Fireside Books.
Berry, J. W., & Kim, U. (1988). Acculturation and mental health. In P. R. Dasen & J. W. Berry (Eds.), Health and cross-cultural psychology: Toward applications (pp. 207–236). Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
Berry, J. W., & Annis, R. C. (1974). Acculturative stress: The role of ecology, culture and differentiation. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 5, 382–406. https://doi.org/10.1177/002202217400500402.
Bhatia, S. (2008). 9/11 and the Indian diaspora: Narratives of race, place and immigrant identity. Journal of Intercultural Studies, 29, 21–39. https://doi.org/10.1080/07256860701759923.
Bhattacharya, G. (2004). Health care seeking for HIV/AIDS among South Asians in the United States. Health & Social Work, 29, 106–114 https://doiorgezproxy.cul.columbia.edu/10.1093/hsw/29.2.106.
Bhopal, R., Unwin, N., White, M., Yallop, J., Walker, L., Alberti, K. G. M. M., & Tavridou, A. (1999). Heterogeneity of coronary heart disease risk factors in Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, and European origin populations: Cross sectional study. British Medical Journal, 319, 215–220. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.319.7204.215.
Bhugra, D. (2004). Migration and mental health. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 109, 243–258. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0001-690X.2003.00246.x.
Bottorff, J. L., Johnson, J. L., Bhagat, R., Grewal, S., Balneaves, L. G., Clarke, H., & Hilton, B. A. (1998). Beliefs related to breast health practices: The perceptions of south Asian women living in Canada. Social Science & Medicine, 47, 2075–2085. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(98)00346-3.
Chae, D. H., Takeuchi, D. T., Barbeau, E. M., Bennett, G. G., Lindsey, J. C., Stoddard, A. M., & Krieger, N. (2008). Alcohol disorders among Asian Americans: Associations with unfair treatment, racial/ethnic discrimination, and ethnic identification (the national Latino and Asian Americans study, 2002–2003). Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 62, 973–979. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2006.088401.
Chen, M. S. (2005). Cancer health disparities among Asian Americans. Cancer, 104, 2895–2902. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.21501.
Cheryan, S., & Monin, B. (2005). Where are you really from?: Asian Americans and identity denial. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89, 717–730. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.89.5.717.
Choudhry, U. K. (2001). Uprooting and resettlement experiences of South Asian immigrant women. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 23, 376–393. https://doi.org/10.1177/019394590102300405.
Choudhury, P. P., Badhan, N. S., Chand, J., Chhugani, S., Choksey, R., Husainy, S., Lui, C., & Wat, E. C. (2009). Community alienation and its impact on help-seeking behavior among LGBTIQ South Asians in Southern California. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Social Services, 21, 247–266. https://doi.org/10.1080/10538720902772196.
Chung, P. J., Borneo, H., Kilpatrick, S. D., Lopez, D. M., Travis, R., Jr., Lui, C., Khandwala, S., & Schuster, M. A. (2005). Parent-adolescent communication about sex in Filipino American families: A demonstration of community-based participatory research. Ambulatory Pediatrics, 5, 50–55. https://doi.org/10.1367/A04-059R.1.
Cinnamon, S., Edith, C., & Gregory E., M. (2006). Written disclosure of experiences with racial discrimination and antibody response to an influenza vaccine. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 13(1), 60–68.
Clark, R., Anderson, N. B., Clark, V. R., & Williams, D. R. (1999). Racism as a stressor for African Americans: A biopsychosocial model. American Psychologist, 54(10), 805–816. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.54.10.805.
Clements, A. D., & Ermakova, A. V. (2012). Surrender to god and stress: A possible link between religiosity and health. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 4, 93–107. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0025109.
Daniel, M., & Wilbur, J. (2011). Physical activity among South Asian Indian immigrants: An integrative review. Public Health Nursing, 28, 389–401. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1446.2010.00932.x.
Das, A. K., & Kemp, S. F. (1997). Between two worlds: Counseling South Asian Americans. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 25, 23–33.
Dasgupta, S. D. (1998). Sex Roles, 38(11/12), 953–974.
Dasgupta, S. D. (2000). Charting the course: An overview of domestic violence in the South Asian community in the United States. Journal of Social Distress and the Homeless, 9, 173–185. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009403917198.
Das Gupta, M. (2006). Unruly immigrants: Rights, activism, and transnational South Asian politics in the United States. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
Dasgupta, S. D., & Dasgupta, S. (1996). Women in exile: Gender relations in the Asian Indian community. In S. Maira & R. Srikanth (Eds.), Contours of the Heart: South Asians Map North America (pp. 381–481). New York, NY: Temple University Press.
Devos, T., & Banaji, M. R. (2005). American ?=White? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88, 447–466. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.88.3.447.
Dhruvarajan, V. (1993). Ethnic cultural retention and transmission among first generation Hindu Asian Indians in a Canadian Prairie city. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 24, 63–79.
Enas, E. A., Dhawan, J., & Petkar, S. (1996). Coronary artery disease in Asian Indians: Lessons learnt and the role of lipoprotein. Indian Heart Journal, 49, 25–34.
Fikree, F. F., & Pasha, O. (2004). Role of gender in health disparity: The South Asian context. British Medical Journal, 328, 823–826. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.328.7443.823.
Frey, L. L., & Roysircar, G. (2006). South Asian and East Asian international students’ perceived prejudice, acculturation, and frequency of help resource utilization. Journal of Multicultural counseling and development, 34, 208–222. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1912.2006.tb00040.x.
Frisbie, W. P., Cho, Y., & Hummer, R. A. (2001). Immigration and the health of Asian and Pacific islander adults in the United States. American Journal of Epidemiology, 153, 372–380. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/153.4.372.
Gee, G. C., & Ponce, N. (2010). Associations between racial discrimination, limited English proficiency, and health-related quality of life among 6 Asian ethnic groups in California. American Journal of Public Health, 100, 888–895. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2009.178012.
Gee, G., & Walsemann, K. (2009). Does health predict the reporting of racial discrimination or do reports of discrimination predict health? Findings from the National Longitudinal Study of youth. Social Science & Medicine, 68, 1676–1684. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.02.002.
Gee, G. C., Spencer, M. S., Chen, J., & Takeuchi, D. (2007). A nationwide study of discrimination and chronic health conditions among Asian Americans. American Journal of Public Health, 97, 1275–1282. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2006.091827.
Gee, G. C., Ro, A., Shariff-Marco, S., & Chae, D. (2009). Racial discrimination and health among Asian Americans: Evidence, assessment, and directions for future research. Epidemiologic Reviews, 31, 130–151. https://doi.org/10.1093/epirev/mxp009.
Grewal, S., Bottorff, J. L., & Hilton, B. A. (2005). The influence of family on immigrant South Asian women’s health. Journal of Family Nursing, 11, 242–263. https://doi.org/10.1177/1074840705278622.
Gudykunst, W. B. (2001). Asian American ethnicity and communication. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
Hannay, D. R. (1980). Religion and health. Social Science & Medicine. Part A: Medical Sociology, 14, 683–685. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0271-7123(80)80079-4.
Heise, L., Ellsberg, M., & Gottmoeller, M. (2002). A global overview of gender-based violence. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 78, S5–S14. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-7292(02)00038-3.
Hsiao, A. F., Wong, M. D., Goldstein, M. S., Becerra, L. S., Cheng, E. M., & Wenger, N. S. (2006). Complementary and alternative medicine use among Asian-American subgroups: Prevalence, predictors, and lack of relationship to acculturation and access to conventional health care. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 12, 1003–1010. https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2006.12.1003.
Hsu, W. C., Araneta, M. R. G., Kanaya, A. M., Chiang, J. L., & Fujimoto, W. (2015). BMI cut points to identify at-risk Asian Americans for type 2 diabetes screening. Diabetes Care, 38, 150–158. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc14-2391.
Hurwitz, E. J. H., Gupta, J., Liu, R., Silverman, J. G., & Raj, A. (2006). Intimate partner violence associated with poor health outcomes in U.S. south Asian women. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 8, 251–261. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10903-006-9330-1.
Hussain-Gambles, M., Atkin, K., & Leese, B. (2004). Why ethnic minority groups are under-represented in clinical trials: A review of the literature. Health & Social Care in the Community, 12, 382–388. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2524.2004.00507.x.
Ibrahim, F. A. (1994). Suicidal behavior in Asian American women. In S. S. Canetto & D. Lester (Eds.), Women and suicidal behavior. New York: Springer.
Ibrahim, F. A., Ohnishi, H., & Sandhu, D. S. (1997). Asian American identity development: A culture specific model for South Asian Americans. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 25, 34–50. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1912.1997.tb00314.x.
Inman, A. G., Ladany, N., Constantine, M. G., & Morano, C. K. (2001). Development and preliminary validation of the cultural values conflict scale for South Asian women. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 48, 17–27. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.48.1.17.
Inman, A. G., Yeh, C. J., Madan-Bahel, A., & Nath, S. (2007). Bereavement and coping of South Asian families post 9/11. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 35, 101–115. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1912.2007.tb00053.x.
Jones, J. W. (2004). Religion, health, and the psychology of religion: How the research on religion and health helps us understand religion. Journal of Religion and Health, 43, 317–328. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-004-4299-3.
Kalra, P., Srinivasan, S., Ivey, S., & Greenlund, K. (2004). Knowledge and practice: The risk of cardiovascular disease among Asian Indians. Results from focus groups conducted in Asian Indian communities in Northern California. Ethnicity & Disease, 14, 497–504.
Khandelwal, M. (1988). In L. Hibayashi (Ed.), Teaching Asian American: Diversity and the problem of community. Boulder: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
Kim, B. S., Atkinson, D. R., & Umemoto, D. (2001). Asian cultural values and the counseling process current knowledge and directions for future research. The Counseling Psychologist, 29, 570–603. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000001294006.
Kitano, H. H. L., & Matsushima, N. (1981). Counseling Asian Americans. In P. B. Pedersen, J. G. Draguns, W. J. Lonner, & J. E. Trimble (Eds.), Counseling across cultures (pp. 163–180). Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
Kuo, W. H. (1995). Coping with racial discrimination: The case of Asian Americans. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 18, 109–127. https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.1995.9993856.
Landrine, H., Klonoff, E. A., Corral, I., Fernandez, S., & Roesch, S. (2006). Conceptualizing and measuring ethnic discrimination in health research. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 29, 79–94. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-005-9029-0.
Lee, R. M. (2003). Do ethnic identity and other-group orientation protect against discrimination for Asian Americans? Journal of Counseling Psychology, 50, 133–141. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.50.2.133.
Lewis, T. T., Aiello, A. E., Leurgans, S., Kelly, J., & Barnes, L. L. (2010). Self-reported experiences of everyday discrimination are associated with elevated C-reactive protein levels in older African-American adults. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 24, 438–443.
Liang, C. T., Li, L. C., & Kim, B. S. (2004). The Asian American racism-related stress inventory: Development, factor analysis, reliability, and validity. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 51, 103–114. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.51.1.103.
Madan-Bahel, A. (2008). Sexual health and bollywood films: A culturally based program for South Asian teenage girls. Youngstown: Cambria Press.
Mathews, R. (2000). Cultural patterns of south Asian and southeast Asian Americans. Intervention in School and Clinic, 36, 101–104. https://doi.org/10.1177/105345120003600205.
Mehta, S. (1998). Relationship between acculturation and mental health for Asian Indian immigrants in the United States. Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs, 124, 61–78.
Midlarsky, E., Venkatramani-Kothari, A., & Plante, M. (2006). Domestic violence in the Chinese and south Asian immigrant communities. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1087, 279–300. https://doi.org/10.1196/annals.1385.003.
Misra, A., & Vikram, N. K. (2004). Insulin resistance syndrome (metabolic syndrome) and obesity in Asian Indians: Evidence and implications. Nutrition, 20, 482–491. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2004.01.020.
Misra, R., Patel, T. G., Davies, D., & Russo, T. (2000). Health promotion behaviors of Gujarati Asian Indian immigrants in the United States. Journal of Immigrant Health, 2, 223–230. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009544414050.
Nair, M., & Prabhakaran, D. (2012). Why Do South Asians Have High Risk for CAD? Global Heart, 7(4), 307–314.
Nancy, K., Dana, C., Katie, L., Pamela D., W., Anna, K., & Mahzarin, B. (2010). Combining Explicit and Implicit Measures of Racial Discrimination in Health Research. American Journal of Public Health, 100(8), 1485–1492.
Nelson, M. E., Rejeski, W. J., Blair, S. N., Duncan, P. W., Judge, J. O., King, A. C., et al. (2007). Physical activity and public health in older adults: Recommendations from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association. Circulation, 116, 1094–1105. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.185650.
Park, S. Y., Anastas, J., Shibusawa, T., & Nguyen, D. (2014). The impact of acculturation and acculturative stress on alcohol use across Asianimmigrant subgroups. Substance Use & Misuse, 49, 922–931. https://doi.org/10.3109/10826084.2013.855232.
Pew Research Center. (2012a). Chapter 1: Portrait of Asian Americans. Retrieved September 25, 2015, from http://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2012/06/19/chapter-1-portrait-of-asian-americans/?beta=true&utm_expid=53098246-2.Lly4CFSVQG2lphsg-KopIg.1&utm_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F.
Pew Research Center. (2012b). Overview: Religious Affiliation. Retrieved December 7, 2015, from http://www.pewforum.org/2012/07/19/asian-americans-a-mosaic-of-faiths-overview/.
Pew Research Center. (2015). Appendix D: Detailed tables. Retrieved December 7, 2015, from http://www.pewforum.org/religious-landscape-study/racial-and-ethnic-composition/.
Pulerwitz, J., Amaro, H., Jong, W. D., Gortmaker, S. L., & Rudd, R. (2002). Relationship power, condom use and HIV risk among women in the USA. AIDS Care, 14, 789–800. https://doi.org/10.1080/0954012021000031868.
Quina, K., Harlow, L. L., Morokoff, P. J., Burkholder, G., & Deiter, P. J. (2000). Sexual communication in relationships: When words speak louder than actions. Sex Roles, 42, 523–549. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007043205155.
Raj, A., & Silverman, J. (2002). Violence against immigrant women the roles of culture, context, and legal immigrant status on intimate partner violence. Violence Against Women, 8, 367–398. https://doi.org/10.1177/10778010222183107.
Raj, A., Liu, R., McCleary-Sills, J., & Silverman, J. G. (2005). South Asian victims of intimate partner violence more likely than non-victims to report sexual health concerns. Journal of Immigrant Health, 7, 85–91. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10903-005-2641-9.
Redfield, R., Linton, R., & Herskowitz, M. T. (1936). Memorandum for the study of acculturation. American Anthropologist, 38, 149–152.
Samuel, E. (2009). Acculturative stress: South Asian immigrant women’s experiences in Canada’s Atlantic provinces. Journal of Immigrant & Refugee Studies, 7(1), 16–34. https://doi.org/10.1080/15562940802687207.
Sandil, R., Robinson, M., Brewster, M. E., Wong, S., & Geiger, E. (2015). Negotiating multiple marginalizations: Experiences of South Asian LGBQ individuals. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 21, 76–88. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0037070.
Saran, P. (1985). The Asian Indian Experience in the United States. Cambridge, MA: Schenkman Press.
Sheth, M. (1995). Asian Indian Americans. In P. G. Min (Ed.), Asian American: Contemporary trends and issues (pp. 1690–1198). Thousand Oaks: Sage.
Sherman, A., & Simonton, S. (2001). Religious involvement among cancer patients (pp. 167–194). Psychological Perspectives: Faith and Health. https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.523.
Srinivasan, S., & Guillermo, T. (2000). Toward improved health: Disaggregating Asian American and native Hawaiian/Pacific islander data. American Journal of Public Health, 90, 1731–1734.
Sriskantharajah, J., & Kai, J. (2007). Promoting physical activity among South Asian women with coronary heart disease and diabetes: What might help? Family Practice, 24, 71–76. https://doi.org/10.1093/fampra/cml066.
Sudsuang, R., Chentanez, V., & Veluvan, K. (1991). Effect of Buddhist meditation on serum cortisol and total protein levels, blood pressure, pulse rate, lung volume and reaction time. Physiology & Behavior, 50, 543–548. https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9384(91)90543-W.
Sue, D., & Sue, D. W. (1993). Ethnic identity: Cultural factors in the psychological development of Asians in America. In D. R. Atkinson, G. Morten, & D. W. Sue (Eds.), Counseling American minorities: A cross-cultural perspective (pp. 199–210). Dubuque: W. C. Brown.
Sweta, T. (2005). Asian Indian Immigrant Women. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 11(1), 1–22.
Szymanski, D. M., & Sung, M. R. (2013). Asian cultural values, internalized heterosexism, and sexual orientation disclosure among Asian American sexual minority persons. Journal of LGBT Issues in Counseling, 7, 257–273. https://doi.org/10.1080/15538605.2013.812930.
Tang, T. S., Solomon, L. J., & McCracken, L. M. (2000). Cultural barriers to mammography, clinical breast exam, and breast self-exam among Chinese-American women 60 and older. Preventive Medicine, 31, 575–583. https://doi.org/10.1006/pmed.2000.0753.
Tirodkar, M. A., Baker, D. W., Makoul, G. T., Khurana, N., Paracha, M. W., & Kandula, N. R. (2011). Explanatory models of health and disease among south Asian immigrants in Chicago. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 13, 385–394. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10903-009-9304-1.
Tjaden, P., & Thoennes, N. (2000). Prevalence and consequences of male-to-female and female-to-male intimate partner violence as measured by the National Violence against Women Survey. Violence Against Women, 6, 142–161. https://doi.org/10.1177/10778010022181769.
Troxel, W. M., Matthews, K. A., Bromberger, J. T., & Sutton-Tyrrell, K. (2003). Chronic stress burden, discrimination, and subclinical carotid artery disease in African American and Caucasian women. Health Psychology, 22, 300–309. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.22.3.300.
Unger, J. B., Cruz, T. B., Rohrbach, L. A., Ribisl, K. M., Baezconde-Garbanti, L., Chen, X., & Johnson, C. A. (2000). English language use as a risk factor for smoking initiation among Hispanic and Asian American adolescents: Evidence for mediation by tobacco-related beliefs and social norms. Health Psychology, 19, 403–410. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.19.5.403.
Uppaluri, C. R., Schumm, L. P., & Lauderdale, D. S. (2001). Self-reports of stress in Asian immigrants: effects of ethnicity and acculturation. Ethnicity & Disease, 11, 107–114.
U.S. Census Bureau. (2012). The Asian Population: 2010. Retrieved August 25, 2015, from https://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-11.pdf.
Utsey, S. O., Ponterotto, J. G., Reynolds, A. L., & Cancelli, A. A. (2000). Racial discrimination, coping, life satisfaction, and self-esteem among African Americans. Journal of Counseling & Development, 78, 72–80. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6676.2000.tb02562.x.
Vega, W. A., & Amaro, H. (1994). Latino outlook: Good health, uncertain prognosis. Annual Review of Public Health, 15, 39–67.
Walker, G. J., Caperchione, C. M., Mummery, W. K., & Chau, S. (2015). Examining the role of acculturation in the leisure-time physical activity of South Asians living in Canada. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 18, 156–160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2014.02.010.
Weerasinghe, S., & Numer, M. (2011). A life-course exploration of the social, emotional and physical health behaviours of widowed South Asian immigrant women in Canada: Implications for health and social programme planning. International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care, 6, 42–56. https://doi.org/10.5042/ijmhsc.2011.0153.
Whitty, C., Brunner, E., Shipley, M., Hemingway, H., & Marmot, M. (1999). Differences in biologic risk factors for cardiovascular disease between three ethnic groups in the Whitehall II study. Atherosclerosis, 142, 279–286. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9150(98)00239-1.
Williams, R. (1988). Religions of immigrants from Indian and Pakistan. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Williams, E. D., Nazroo, J. Y., Kooner, J. S., & Steptoe, A. (2010). Subgroup differences in psychosocial factors relating to coronary heart disease in the UK South Asian population. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 69, 379–387. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2010.03.015.
World Health Organization. (2002). Understanding and addressing violence against women. Retrieved from: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/77432/1/WHO_RHR_12.36_eng.pdf.
World Health Organization. (2008). Preventing and addressing intimate partner violence against migrant and ethnic minority women: the role of the health sector. Retrieved from: http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0018/270180/21256-WHO-Intimate-Partner-Violence_low_V7.pdf
Yoshihama, M., Bybee, D., & Blazevski, J. (2012). Day-to-day discrimination and health among Asian Indians: A population-based study of Gujarati men and women in metropolitan Detroit. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 35, 471–483. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-011-9375-z.
Zhan, H. J., & Montgomery, R. J. (2003). Gender and elder care in China: The influence of filial piety and structural constraints. Gender & Society, 17, 209–229. https://doi.org/10.1177/0891243202250734.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Sandil, R., Srinivasan, R. (2018). South Asian American Health: Perspectives and Recommendations on Sociocultural Influences. In: Perera, M., Chang, E. (eds) Biopsychosocial Approaches to Understanding Health in South Asian Americans. Cross-Cultural Research in Health, Illness and Well-Being. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91120-5_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91120-5_6
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-91118-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-91120-5
eBook Packages: Behavioral Science and PsychologyBehavioral Science and Psychology (R0)