Abstract
The pathophysiology of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterized by a heightened sensitivity to certain stimuli perceived to be threatening, followed by inability to extinguish the resulting fear (Garfinkel and Liberzon 2009). Elucidating the neurobiology and neurocircuitry of PTSD constitutes an essential step in informing the detection and treatment of the disorder. To this end, significant efforts have focussed on determining why only a proportion of trauma-affected individuals go on to develop PTSD symptoms. Early studies have hypothesized an association between PTSD and atrophy in the hippocampus, amygdala and the prefrontal cortex (Karl et al. 2006). The link between PTSD and stress responses (Davis 1992; McEwen 1995; LeDoux 2000) has underscored the role of the amygdala and hippocampus in particular, although all three of these brain regions are critical for normal fear extinction and the regulation of emotions (Chen et al. 2012a, b, c).
Reprinted from Psychiatry Research. O’Doherty DC, Chitty KM, Saddiqui S, Bennett MR, Lagopoulos J. A systematic review and meta-analysis of magnetic resonance imaging measurement of structural volumes in posttraumatic stress disorder. Vol 232(1):1–33. Copyright (2015). With permission from Elsevier.
Reprinted from Neuroscien Biobehav Rev. Paquola C, Bennett MR, Lagopoulos J. Understanding heterogeneity in grey matter research of adults with childhood maltreatment-A meta-analysis and review. Vol. 2016:299–312. Copyright (2016). With permission from Elsevier.
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Bennett, M., Lagopoulos, J. (2018). Grey Matter Changes in the Brain Following Stress and Trauma. In: Stress, Trauma and Synaptic Plasticity. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91116-8_1
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