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Neuro-Urology pp 249–281Cite as

Infections in Neuro-urology

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Abstract

There is a high incidence of recurrent cystitis and complicated urinary tract infection in patients with neurogenic bladder. Adequate bladder management can reduce the episodes of recurrent infection and urinary incontinence in neurogenic bladder dysfunction. Inappropriate treatment of urinary tract infection can damage the renal functions due to reflex pyelonephritis and vesicoureteral reflux. The better understanding of functional urology improves the quality of life in patients with neurogenic bladder.

This chapter emphasizes the relevance and impact of infections of the urinary tract in neuro-urology. It provides not only the information of global epidemiological causes, diagnosis, and treatment of urinary tract infection but also helpful tools to decrease the incidence of recurrent bladder infections in neuro-urology and to reduce the antimicrobial resistance worldwide.

Advanced microbiological technologies for the detection of responsible infection agents are helpful to minimize urosepsis. The application of sequential organ failure assessment score in intensive care unit reduces the high economic burden on the society while achieving sufficient reduction in morbidity and mortality of patients.

This chapter should be of interest to many different professionals, medical students, medical, surgical residents, as well as consultants in urology and infectious diseases.

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Abbreviations

ACSS:

Acute cystitis symptom score

ACTH:

Adrenocorticotrophic hormone

AUC:

Acute urinary cystitis

BPH:

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

CA:

Catheter associated

CA-AB:

Catheter-associated bacteriuria

CA-AB:

Catheter-associated asymptomatic bacteriuria

CA-UTI:

Catheter-associated urinary tract infection

CAUTI:

Community-associated UTI

CFU:

Colony forming unit

CIC:

Clean intermittent catheterization

DSD:

Detrusor sphincter dyssynergia

DSD:

Detrusor sphincter dyssynergia

ESBL:

Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase

GAG:

Glycosaminoglycan

HAUTI:

Healthcare-associated urinary tract infection

IC:

Indwelling catheter

IDSA:

Infectious Disease Society of America

IL:

Interleukin

MDR:

Multidrug-resistant

MRSA:

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

MS:

Multiple sclerosis

NAUTI:

Nosocomial urinary tract infections

NB:

Neurogenic bladder

NDO:

Neurogenic detrusor overactivity

NF-kB:

Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells

qSOFA:

Quick sequential (sepsis-related) organ failure assessment

SCI:

Spinal cord injury

S-IgA:

Secretory immunoglobulin-A

SOFA:

Sequential (sepsis-related) organ failure assessment

SPC:

Supra pubic catheterization

TLR:

Toll-like receptors

TMP-SMX:

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

TNF:

Tumor necrosis factor

UDS:

Urodynamics

UTI:

Urinary tract infection

VUDS:

Video urodynamics

VUR:

Vesicoureteral reflux

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neuro-Urology, Marien Hospital Herne, University Clinic Bochum, The Ruhr University Bochum, Herne, Germany

    Muhammad Rasheed & Arndt van Ophoven

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  1. Muhammad Rasheed
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  2. Arndt van Ophoven
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Correspondence to Muhammad Rasheed .

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  1. Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA

    Roger Dmochowski

  2. Department of Urology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

    John Heesakkers

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Rasheed, M., van Ophoven, A. (2018). Infections in Neuro-urology. In: Dmochowski, R., Heesakkers, J. (eds) Neuro-Urology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90997-4_17

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