Abstract
As with most medical conditions, a thorough history and examination is key to fully understanding neuro-urological pathology. History taking should be holistic, covering urological, neurological and general complaints. In addition quality of life should be assessed, along with social situation and patient aims and expectations. Red flag symptoms should always be assessed.
Examination should aim to assess urological, neurological and general features. Relevant sensation, reflexes and motor response should be tested, including sacral reflexes. A detailed examination can help predict expected bladder dysfunction.
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Abbreviations
- BMI:
-
Body mass index
- CNS:
-
Central nervous system
- EAU:
-
European Association of Urology
- MS:
-
Multiple sclerosis
- NICE:
-
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
- QoL:
-
Quality of life
- SCI:
-
Spinal cord injury
References
NICE guideline panel 2012. Urinary incontinence in neurological disease: assessment and management, available from https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg148/resources/urinary-incontinence-in-neurological-disease-assessment-and-management-pdf-35109577553605. Accessed 1 Nov 2017.
Blok B, Pannek P, Castro-Diaz D, et al. European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines on neuro-urology. Presented at the EAU Annual Congress London; 2017. 978-90-79754-91-5. Arnhem, The Netherlands: EAU Guidelines Office.
Messelink B, Benson T, Berghmans B, et al. Standardization of terminology of pelvic floor muscle function and dysfunction: report from the pelvic floor clinical assessment group of the International Continence Society. Neurourol Urodyn. 2005;24(4):374.
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Ecclestone, H., Hamid, R. (2018). Neuro-urological History and Clinical Examination. In: Dmochowski, R., Heesakkers, J. (eds) Neuro-Urology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90997-4_11
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90997-4_11
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