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Stem Cells and Cancer

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Stem Cell Genetics for Biomedical Research

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Abstract

The plasticity of cancer stem cells (CSCs) is one of the greatest challenges in cancer therapeutics. CSCs not only foster tumour development, but they also activate mechanisms of tumour immune surveillance evasion, metabolic reprogramming, and metastatic colonization. The clinical significance of CSCs involves their resistance to chemotherapy and their major role in tumour relapse after treatment. Mechanisms that are essential for the induction, maintenance, and survival of CSCs are ambiguous. A deeper understanding of what triggers CSCs, and helps them survive and spread, will provide insight into new treatment strategies in the field of clinical oncology. 

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Abbreviations

ABC:

ATP-binding cassette

ADC:

Antibody-drug conjugate

ALDH1:

Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1

ALL:

Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia

AML:

Acute myeloid leukaemia

BCL-2:

B-cell lymphoma-2

CML:

Chronic myeloid leukaemia

CSC:

Cancer stem cell

DRP1:

Dynamin-related protein 1

EMT:

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition

ESC:

Embryonic stem cell

GSC:

Glioma stem cell

HIF:

Hypoxia-inducible factor

HNSCC:

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

HSC:

Haematopoietic stem cell

iPSC:

Induced pluripotent stem cell

LSC:

Leukemic stem cell

MET:

Mesenchymal-epithelial transition

miRNA:

MicroRNA

mtDNA:

Mitochondrial DNA

OXPHOS:

Oxidative phosphorylation

PKM:

Pyruvate kinase muscle

PDK1:

Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

TF:

Transcription factor

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK

    Meredith Davis, Katja Gassner, Ruth Rodriguez-Barrueco & David Llobet-Navas

  2. Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Gran via de l’Hospitalet, 199, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908, Spain

    Katja Gassner, Ruth Rodriguez-Barrueco & David Llobet-Navas

  3. Universitat de Barcelona, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut. Departament d’Anatomia i Terapèutica Experimental. Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Gran via de l’Hospitalet, 199, Universitat de Barcelona, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908, Spain

    Ruth Rodriguez-Barrueco

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    Raul Delgado-Morales

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Davis, M., Gassner, K., Rodriguez-Barrueco, R., Llobet-Navas, D. (2018). Stem Cells and Cancer. In: Delgado-Morales, R. (eds) Stem Cell Genetics for Biomedical Research. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90695-9_12

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