Abstract
Human nutrition and the changing food situation have become more and more influenced by global forces. This relates to globally interconnected value chains, trade, production systems, the science system, as well as tastes and nutrition behavior in a more urbanized world. The chapter reviews the determinants of these global change patterns in broad terms since the 1880s and the global policy responses that shape the pattern and outcomes in terms of nutritional improvement and lack thereof. It concludes that nutrition must be addressed simultaneously by institutional and technological innovations on the supply side and with incentives and information for behavioral change on the demand side to achieve food security and health.
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Notes
- 1.
The right to appropriate nutrition as a human right is firmly anchored in Article 11 of the UN Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. It is also enshrined in Article 25 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The World Food Summit of 2003 in Rome adopted the Voluntary Guidelines on the Right to Adequate Food to further specify, interpret, and understand the human right to adequate nutrition.
- 2.
Robert William Fogel provided evidence of the positive influence of improved nutrition on the subsequent economic development of industrialized countries in the early nineteenth and twentieth centuries: Robert William Fogel, The Escape from Hunger and Premature Death, 1700–2100, Europe, America, and the Third World. Cambridge Studies in Population, Economy and Society in Past Time, No. 38, Cambridge University Press, 2004.
- 3.
John Hoddinott/John A. Maluccio/Jere R. Behrmann/Rafael Flores/Reynaldo Martorell, Effect of a nutrition intervention during early childhood on economic productivity in Guatemalan adults, in: The Lancet, 371 (610)/2008, pp. 411–416.
- 4.
Joachim von Braun/Friederike Bellin-Sesay/Torsten Feldbrügge/Franz Heidhues, Verbesserung der Ernährung in Entwicklungsländern. Strategien und Politikempfehlungen. München: Weltforum Verlag, 1998.
- 5.
Thomas Robert Malthus, An Essay on the Principle of Population, as it Affects the Future Improvement of Society. London: J. Johnson, 1798.
- 6.
Theodor W. Schulz. Transforming Traditional Agriculture. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1964.
- 7.
Amartya Sen, Poverty and Famines. An Essay on Entitlement and Deprivation. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1982.
- 8.
Joachim von Braun, Welternährung im globalen Wandel, in: Detlev Drenckhahn/Jörg Hacker (eds.), Rolle der Wissenschaft im Globalen Wandel. Vorträge anlässlich der Jahresversammlung vom 22. bis 24. September in Berlin, Nova Acta Leopoldina NF 118, No. 40 (2013), pp. 139–157.
- 9.
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) (ed.), The state of food insecurity in the world, Rome: Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, 2013.
- 10.
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) (ed.), World Food Summit. Basic Information, November 1995, available at www.archive.today/j4LW (last accessed 28.11.2017).
Literature
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von Braun, J. (2019). Nutrition. In: Kühnhardt, L., Mayer, T. (eds) The Bonn Handbook of Globality. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90377-4_22
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90377-4_22
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