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Centralised and Decentralised Transport Systems for Greywater and the Application of Nanotechnology for Treatment Processes

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Management of Greywater in Developing Countries

Part of the book series: Water Science and Technology Library ((WSTL,volume 87))

Abstract

Centralised and decentralised treatment systems for greywater are used based on the available sites, economic conditions and facilities of the treatment system. However, the decentralised system is a priority for rural regions for the recycling of greywater because it is inexpensive and does not result in toxic byproducts. This system also does not require maintenance or chemical additives. This system reduces the amount of wastewater produced, reduces dependence on traditional water supply and saves cost especially for low-income populations. The utilisation of the decentralised treatment system facility for the treatment of wastewater may help to reduce organic matters in waste efficiently. Transport models are typically applied to simulate water and solute movement in different porous media in order to understand the movement of pollutants in the soils and nutrient uptake by plants. Moreover, the utilisation of nanotechnology in the treatment of wastewater has emerged recently. This technique appears to exhibit high efficiency in the removal of micro-pollutants from wastewater. However, recent research has indicated that certain types of nanomaterial used in wastewater treatment may be toxic. In this chapter, the advantages and disadvantages of centralised and decentralised systems, as well as transport models, are reviewed. The challenges associated with the application of this technology in developing countries are discussed.

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Acknowledgements

Special gratitude goes to the laboratory technicians at the Micropollutant Research Centre, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM) for providing the facilities for this research. The authors also wish to thank the Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE) for supporting this research under FRGS vot 1574 and also the Research Management Centre (RMC) UTHM for providing grant IGSP U682 for this research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Micro-Pollutant Research Centre (MPRC), Department of Water and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), 86400, Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia

    A. Athirah, Adel Ali Saeed Al-Gheethi, Radin Maya Saphira Radin Mohamed & Amir Hashim Mohd Kassim

  2. Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology (FAST), Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Pagoh, Johor, Malaysia

    Efaq Ali Noman

  3. Department of Applied Microbiology, Faculty Applied Sciences, Taiz University, Taiz, Yemen

    Efaq Ali Noman

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  1. A. Athirah
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  2. Adel Ali Saeed Al-Gheethi
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Correspondence to Radin Maya Saphira Radin Mohamed .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Johor, Malaysia

    Radin Maya Saphira Radin Mohamed

  2. Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Johor, Malaysia

    Adel Ali Saeed Al-Gheethi

  3. Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Johor, Malaysia

    Amir Hashim Mohd Kassim

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Athirah, A., Al-Gheethi, A.A.S., Noman, E.A., Radin Mohamed, R.M.S., Mohd Kassim, A.H. (2019). Centralised and Decentralised Transport Systems for Greywater and the Application of Nanotechnology for Treatment Processes. In: Radin Mohamed, R., Al-Gheethi, A., Mohd Kassim, A. (eds) Management of Greywater in Developing Countries. Water Science and Technology Library, vol 87. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90269-2_12

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