Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Neuropsychological Aspects: Cognition in RBD

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Rapid-Eye-Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder

Abstract

Idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) is a major risk factor for Parkinson’s disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), PD with dementia, and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). From 29 to 55% of iRBD patients who develop a neurodegenerative disease convert to dementia, usually DLB. Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies in iRBD patients have revealed a cognitive profile similar to that found in DLB. Moreover, from 33 to 50% of iRBD patients seen in sleep clinics present MCI, and these patients are at higher risk of developing DLB. In PD, the presence of RBD is associated with a more impaired cognitive profile and a higher risk of developing dementia. Neuropsychological assessment in iRBD is essential to identify patients at risk for dementia and to select potential candidates for neuroprotection intervention trials. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) has shown good psychometric properties to detect MCI in iRBD patients and may be used as a screening cognitive test in the absence of neuropsychological testing. This chapter reviews the neuropsychological aspects of RBD.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 109.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Mueller C, Ballard C, Corbett A, Aarsland D. The prognosis of dementia with Lewy bodies. Lancet Neurol. 2017;16(5):390–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(17)30074-1.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. McKeith IG, Boeve BF, Dickson DW, Halliday G, Taylor JP, Weintraub D, Aarsland D, Galvin J, Attems J, Ballard CG, Bayston A, Beach TG, Blanc F, Bohnen N, Bonanni L, Bras J, Brundin P, Burn D, Chen-Plotkin A, Duda JE, El-Agnaf O, Feldman H, Ferman TJ, Ffytche D, Fujishiro H, Galasko D, Goldman JG, Gomperts SN, Graff-Radford NR, Honig LS, Iranzo A, Kantarci K, Kaufer D, Kukull W, Lee VMY, Leverenz JB, Lewis S, Lippa C, Lunde A, Masellis M, Masliah E, McLean P, Mollenhauer B, Montine TJ, Moreno E, Mori E, Murray M, O’Brien JT, Orimo S, Postuma RB, Ramaswamy S, Ross OA, Salmon DP, Singleton A, Taylor A, Thomas A, Tiraboschi P, Toledo JB, Trojanowski JQ, Tsuang D, Walker Z, Yamada M, Kosaka K. Diagnosis and management of dementia with Lewy bodies: fourth consensus report of the DLB Consortium. Neurology. 2017;89(1):88–100. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000004058.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  3. Schenck CH, Boeve BF, Mahowald MW. Delayed emergence of a Parkinsonian disorder or dementia in 81% of older men initially diagnosed with idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder: a 16-year update on a previously reported series. Sleep Med. 2013;14(8):744–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2012.10.009.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Iranzo A, Fernández-Arcos A, Tolosa E, Serradell M, Molinuevo JL, Valldeoriola F, Gelpi E, Vilaseca I, Sánchez-Valle R, Lladó A, Gaig C, Santamaría J. Neurodegenerative disorder risk in idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder: study in 174 patients. PLoS One. 2014;9(2):e89741. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0089741.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  5. Postuma RB, Gagnon JF, Bertrand JA, Génier Marchand D, Montplaisir JY. Parkinson risk in idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder: preparing for neuroprotective trials. Neurology. 2015;84(11):1104–13. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000001364.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  6. Youn S, Kim T, Yoon IY, Jeong J, Kim HY, Han JW, Kim JM, Kim KW. Progression of cognitive impairments in idiopathic REM sleep behaviour disorder. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2016;87(8):890–6. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2015-311437.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Boeve BF, Silber MH, Ferman TJ, Lin SC, Benarroch EE, Echmeichel AM, Ahlskog JE, Caselli RJ, Jacobson S, Sabbagh M, Adler C, Woodruff B, Beach TG, Iranzo A, Gelpi E, Santamaria J, Tolosa E, Singer C, Mash DC, Luca C, Arnulf I, Duyckaerts C, Schenck CH, Mahowald MW, Dauvilliers Y, Graff-Radford NR, Wszoled ZK, Parisi JE, Dugger B, Murray ME, Dickson DW. Clinicopathologic correlations in 172 cases of rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder with or without a coexisting neurologic disorder. Sleep Med. 2013;14(8):754–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2012.10.015.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  8. Gagnon JF, Petit D, Fantini ML, Rompré S, Gauthier S, Panisset M, Robillard A, Montplaisir J. REM sleep behavior disorder and REM sleep without atonia in probable Alzheimer disease. Sleep. 2006;29(10):1321–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Wang P, Wing YK, Xing J, Liu Y, Zhou B, Zhang Z, Yao H, Guo Y, Shang Y, Zhang X. Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder in patients with probable Alzheimer’s disease. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2016;28(5):951–7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-015-0382-8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Ferman TJ, Boeve BF, Smith GE, Lin SC, Silber MH, Pedraza O, Wszolek Z, Graff-Radford NR, Uitti R, Van Gerpen J, Pao W, Knopman D, Pankratz VS, Kantarci K, Boot B, Parisi JE, Dugger BN, Fujishiro H, Petersen RC, Dickson DW. Inclusion of RBD improves the diagnostic classification of dementia with Lewy bodies. Neurology. 2011;77(9):875–82. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e31822c9148.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  11. Gagnon JF, Vendette M, Postuma RB, Desjardins C, Massicotte-Marquez J, Panisset M, Montplaisir J. Mild cognitive impairment in rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder and Parkinson’s disease. Ann Neurol. 2009;66(1):39–47. https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.21680.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Fantini ML, Farini E, Ortelli P, Zucconi M, Manconi M, Cappa S, Ferini-Strambi L. Longitudinal study of cognitive function in idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder. Sleep. 2011;34(5):619–25.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  13. Ferini-Strambi L, Di Gioia MR, Castronovo V, Oldani A, Zucconi M, Cappa SF. Neuropsychological assessment in idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD): does the idiopathic form of RBD really exist? Neurology. 2004;62(1):41–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Li X, Zhou Z, Jia S, Hou C, Zheng W, Rong P, Jiao J. Cognitive study on Chinese patients with idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder. J Neurol Sci. 2016;366:82–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2016.04.047.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Marques A, Dujardin K, Boucart M, Pins D, Delliaux M, Defebvre L, Derambure P, Monaca C. REM sleep behaviour disorder and visuoperceptive dysfunction: a disorder of the ventral visual stream? J Neurol. 2010;257(3):383–91. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-009-5328-7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Massicotte-Marquez J, Décary A, Gagnon JF, Vendette M, Mathieu A, Postuma RB, Carrier J, Montplaisir J. Executive dysfunction and memory impairment in idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder. Neurology. 2008;70(15):1250–7. https://doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000286943.79593.a6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Terzaghi M, Sinforiani E, Zucchella C, Zambrelli E, Pasotti C, Rustioni V, Manni R. Cognitive performance in REM sleep behaviour disorder: a possible early marker of neurodegenerative disease? Sleep Med. 2008;9(4):343–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2007.06.013.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Zhang JR, Chen J, Yang ZJ, Zhang HJ, Fu YT, Shen Y, He PC, Mao CJ, Liu CF. Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder symptoms correlate with domains of cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease. Chin Med J. 2016;129(4):379–85. https://doi.org/10.4103/0366-6999.176077.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  19. Barber TR, Lawton M, Rolinski M, Evetts S, Baig F, Ruffmann C, Gornall A, Klein JC, Lo C, Dennis G, Bandmann O, Quinnell T, Zaiwalla Z, Ben-Shlomo Y, Hu MM. Prodromal Parkinsonism and Neurodegenerative Risk Stratification in REM Sleep Behaviour Disorder. Sleep 2017;40(8). https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsx071.

  20. Génier Marchand D, Montplaisir J, Postuma RB, Rahayel S, Gagnon JF. Detecting the Cognitive Prodrome of Dementia with Lewy Bodies: A Prospective Study of REM Sleep Behavior Disorder. Sleep 2017;40(1). https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsw014.

  21. Iranzo A, Molinuevo JL, Santamaria J, Serradell M, Marti MJ, Valldeoriola F, Tolosa E. Rapid-eye-movement sleep behaviour disorder as an early marker for a neurodegenerative disorder: a descriptive study. Lancet Neurol. 2006;5(7):572–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(06)70476-8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Molano J, Boeve B, Ferman T, Smith G, Parisi J, Dickson D, Knopman D, Graff-Radford N, Geda Y, Lucas J, Kantarci K, Shiung M, Jack C, Silber M, Pankratz VS, Petersen R. Mild cognitive impairment associated with limbic and neocortical Lewy body disease: a clinicopathological study. Brain. 2010;133(Pt 2):540–56. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awp280.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Ferman TJ, Boeve BF, Smith GE, Silber MH, Lucas JA, Graff-Radford NR, Dickson DW, Parisi JE, Petersen RC, Ivnik RJ. Dementia with Lewy bodies may present as dementia and REM sleep behavior disorder without parkinsonism or hallucinations. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2002;8(7):907–14.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Plomhause L, Dujardin K, Boucart M, Herlin V, Defebvre L, Derambure P, Monaca Charley C. Impaired visual perception in rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder. Neuropsychology. 2014;28(3):388–93. https://doi.org/10.1037/neu0000006.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Rolinski M, Zokaei N, Baig F, Giehl K, Quinnell T, Zaiwalla Z, Mackay CE, Husain M, Hu MT. Visual short-term memory deficits in REM sleep behaviour disorder mirror those in Parkinson’s disease. Brain. 2016;129(Pt 1):47–53. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awv334.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Delazer M, Högl B, Zamarian L, Wenter J, Ehrmann L, Gschliesser V, Brandauer E, Poewe W, Frauscher B. Decision making and executive functions in REM sleep behavior disorder. Sleep. 2012;35(5):667–73. https://doi.org/10.5665/sleep.1828.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  27. Sasai T, Miyamoto T, Miyamoto M, Iwanami M, Abe T, Matsuura M, Inoue Y. Impaired decision-making in idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder. Sleep Med. 2012;13(3):301–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2011.09.012.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. McDaniel MA, Einstein GO. The neuropsychology of prospective memory in normal aging: a componential approach. Neuropsychologia. 2011;49(8):2147–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.12.029.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Costa A, Peppe A, Zabberoni S, Serafini F, Barban F, Scalici F, Caltagirone C, Carlesimo GA. Prospective memory performance in individuals with Parkinson’s disease who have mild cognitive impairment. Neuropsychology. 2015;29(5):782–91. https://doi.org/10.1037/neu0000184.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Smith SJ, Souchay C, Moulin CJ. Metamemory and prospective memory in Parkinson’s disease. Neuropsychology. 2011;25(6):734–40. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0025475.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Marcone S, Gagnon JF, Desjardins C, David AC, Postuma RB, Montplaisir J, Joubert S, Rouleau I. Prospective memory in idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder with or without mild cognitive impairment. Clin Neuropsychol. 2018;7:1–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/13854046.2018.1435825.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Bezdicek O, Nikolai T, Nepožitek J, Peřinová P, Kemlink D, Dušek P, Příhodová I, Dostálová S, Ibarburu V, Trnka J, Kupka K, Mecková Z, Keller J, Vymazal J, Růžička E, Šonka K, Dušek P. Prospective memory impairment in idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder. Clin Neuropsychol. 2017;26:1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/13854046.2017.1394493.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Terzaghi M, Zucchella C, Rustioni V, Sinforiani E, Manni R. Cognitive performances and mild cognitive impairment in idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder: results of a longitudinal follow-up study. Sleep. 2013;36(10):1527–32. https://doi.org/10.5665/sleep.3050.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  34. Génier Marchand D, Postuma RB, Escudier F, De Roy J, Pelletier A, Montplaisir J, Gagnon JF. How does dementia with Lewy bodies start? Prodromal cognitive changes in REM sleep behavior disorder. Ann Neurol. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.25239.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Albert MS, DeKosky ST, Dickson D, Dubois B, Feldman HH, Fox NC, Gamst A, Holtzman DM, Jagust WJ, Petersen RC, Snyder PJ, Carrillo MC, Thies B, Phelps CH. The diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer’s disease: recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer’s Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimers Dement. 2011;7(3):270–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2011.03.008.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  36. Petersen RC, Morris JC. Mild cognitive impairment as a clinical entity and treatment target. Arch Neurol. 2005;62(7):1160–3. https://doi.org/10.1001/archneur.62.7.1160.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Anang JB, Gagnon JF, Bertrand JA, Romenets SR, Latreille V, Panisset M, Montplaisir J, Postuma RB. Predictors of dementia in Parkinson disease: a prospective cohort study. Neurology. 2014;83(14):1253–60. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000000842.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  38. Gauthier S, Reisberg B, Zaudig M, Petersen RC, Ritchie K, Broich K, Belleville S, Brodaty H, Bennett D, Chertkow H, Cummings JL, de Leon M, Feldman H, Ganguli M, Hampel H, Scheltens P, Tierney MC, Whitehouse P, Winblad B, International Psychogeriatric Association Expert Conference on mild cognitive impairment. Mild cognitive impairment. Lancet. 2006;367(9518):1262–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68542-5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Fischer P, Jungwirth S, Zehetmayer S, Weissgram S, Hoenigschnabl S, Gelpi E, Krampla W, Tragl KH. Conversion from subtypes of mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer dementia. Neurology. 2007;68(4):288–91. https://doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000252358.03285.9d.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Ganguli M, Dodge HH, Shen C, DeKosky ST. Mild cognitive impairment, amnestic type: an epidemiologic study. Neurology. 2004;63(1):115–21.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Boot BP, Boeve BF, Roberts RO, Ferman TJ, Geda YE, Pankratz VS, Ivnk RJ, Smith GE, McDade E, Christianson TJ, Knopman DS, Tangalos EG, Silber MH, Petersen RC. Probable rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder increases risk for mild cognitive impairment and Parkinson disease: a population-based study. Ann Neurol. 2012;71(1):49–56. https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.22655.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  42. Bertrand JA, Génier Marchand D, Postuma RB, Gagnon JF. Cognitive dysfunction in rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder. Sleep Biol Rhythms. 2013;11(Suppl. 1):21–6. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1479-8425.2012.00547.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Gagnon JF, Postuma RB, Joncas S, Desjardins C, Latreille V. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment: a screening tool for mild cognitive impairment in REM sleep behavior disorder. Mov Disord. 2010;25(7):936–40. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.23079.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Villeneuve S, Rodrigues-Brazète J, Joncas S, Postuma RB, Latreille V, Gagnon JF. Validity of the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale to detect mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease and REM sleep behavior disorder. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2011;31(3):210–7. https://doi.org/10.1159/000326212.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Nasreddine ZS, Phillips NA, Bédirian V, Charbonneau S, Whitehead V, Collin I, Cummings JL, Chertkow H. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA: a brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2005;53(4):695–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.x.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. “Mini-mental state”. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res. 1975;12(3):189–98.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Mattis S. Dementia Rating Scale: professional manual. Odessa: Psychological Assessment Resources; 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  48. Iranzo A, Isetta V, Molinuevo JL, Serradell M, Navajas D, Farre R, Santamaria J. Electroencephalographic slowing heralds mild cognitive impairment in idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder. Sleep Med. 2010;11(6):534–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2010.03.006.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Sasai T, Matsuura M, Inoue Y. Electroencephalographic findings related with mild cognitive impairment in idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder. Sleep. 2013;36(12):1893–9. https://doi.org/10.5665/sleep.3224.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  50. Rodrigues Brazète J, Montplaisir J, Petit D, Postuma RB, Bertrand JA, Génier Marchand D, Gagnon JF. Electroencephalogram slowing in rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder is associated with mild cognitive impairment. Sleep Med. 2013;14(11):1059–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2013.06.013.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Vendette M, Montplaisir J, Gosselin N, Soucy JP, Postuma RB, Dang-Vu TT, Gagnon JF. Brain perfusion anomalies in rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder with mild cognitive impairment. Mov Disord. 2012;27(10):1255–61. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.25034.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Bonanni L, Thomas A, Tiraboschi P, Perfetti B, Varanese S, Onofrj M. EEG comparisons in early Alzheimer’s disease, dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson’s disease with dementia patients with a 2-year follow-up. Brain. 2008;131(Pt 3):690–705. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awm322.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Bonanni L, Perfetti B, Bifolchetti S, Taylor JP, Franciotti R, Parnetti L, Thomas A, Onofrj M. Quantitative electroencephalogram utility in predicting conversion of mild cognitive impairment to dementia with Lewy bodies. Neurobiol Aging. 2015;36(1):434–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.07.009.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  54. Colloby SJ, Fenwick JD, Williams ED, Paling SM, Lobotesis K, Ballard C, McKeith I, O’Brien JT. A comparison of (99m) Tc-HMPAO SPET changes in dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer’s disease using statistical parametric mapping. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2002;29(5):615–22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-002-0778-5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Firbank MJ, Colloby SJ, Burn DJ, McKeith IG, O’Brien JT. Regional cerebral blood flow in Parkinson’s disease with and without dementia. NeuroImage. 2003;20(2):1309–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-8119(03)00364-1.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Holtbernd F, Gagnon JF, Postuma RB, Ma Y, Tang CC, Feigin A, Dhawan V, Vendette M, Soucy JP, Eidelberg D, Montplaisir J. Abnormal metabolic network activity in REM sleep behavior disorder. Neurology. 2014;82:620–7. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000000130.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  57. Latreille V, Carrier J, Gaudet-Fex B, Rodrigues-Brazète J, Panisset M, Chouinard S, Postuma RB, Gagnon JF. Electroencephalographic prodromal markers of dementia across conscious states in Parkinson’s disease. Brain. 2016;139(Pt 4):1189–99. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/aww018.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  58. Rodrigues Brazète J, Gagnon JF, Postuma RB, Bertrand JA, Petit D, Montplaisir J. Electroencephalogram slowing predicts neurodegeneration in rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder. Neurobiol Aging. 2016;37:74–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2015.10.007.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Sasai-Sakuma T, Nishio Y, Yokoi K, Mori E, Inoue Y. Pareidolias in REM sleep behavior disorder: a possible predictive marker of Lewy body diseases? Sleep. 2017;40(2). https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsw045.

  60. Ellmore TM, Hood AJ, Castriotta RJ, Stimming EF, Bick RJ, Schiess MC. Reduced volume of the putamen in REM sleep behavior disorder patients. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2010;16(10):645–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2010.08.014.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Hanyu H, Inoue Y, Sakurai H, Kanetaka H, Nakamura M, Miyamoto T, Sasai T, Iwamoto T. Voxel-based magnetic resonance imaging study of structural brain changes in patients with idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2012;18(2):136–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2011.08.023.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Rahayel S, Postuma RB, Montplaisir J, Bedetti C, Brambati S, Carrier J, Monchi O, Bourgouin PA, Gaubert M, Gagnon JF. Abnormal Gray Matter Shape, Thickness, and Volume in the Motor Cortico-Subcortical Loop in Idiopathic Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder: Association with Clinical and Motor Features. Cereb Cortex. 2018;28(2):658–71. https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhx137.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Rahayel S, Montplaisir J, Monchi O, Bedetti C, Postuma RB, Brambati S, Carrier J, Joubert S, Latreille V, Jubault T, Gagnon JF. Patterns of cortical thinning in idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder. Mov Disord. 2015;30(5):680–7. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.25820.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Scherfler C, Frauscher B, Schocke M, Iranzo A, Gschliesser V, Seppi K, Santamaria J, Tolosa E, Högl B, Poewe W, SINBAR (Sleep Innsbruck Barcelona) Group. White and gray matter abnormalities in idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder: a diffusion-tensor imaging and voxel-based morphometry study. Ann Neurol. 2011;69(2):400–7. https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.22245.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Unger MM, Belke M, Menzler K, Heverhagen JT, Keil B, Stiasny-Bolster K, Rosenow F, Diederich NJ, Mayer G, Möller JC, Oertel WH, Knake S. Diffusion tensor imaging in idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder reveals microstructural changes in the brainstem, substantia nigra, olfactory region, and other brain regions. Sleep. 2010;33(6):767–73.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Boeve BF, Silber MH, Saper CB, Ferman TJ, Dickson DW, Parisi JE, Benarroch EE, Ahlskog JE, Smith GE, Caselli RC, Tippman-Peikert M, Olson EJ, Lin SC, Young T, Wszolek Z, Schenck CH, Mahowald MW, Castillo PR, Del Tredici K, Braak H. Pathophysiology of REM sleep behaviour disorder and relevance to neurodegenerative disease. Brain. 2007;130(Pt 11):2770–88. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awm056.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. García-Lorenzo D, Longo-Dos Santos C, Ewenczyk C, Leu-Semenescu S, Gallea C, Quattrocchi G, Pita Lobo P, Poupon C, Benali H, Arnulf I, Vidailhet M, Lehericy S. The coeruleus/subcoeruleus complex in rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorders in Parkinson’s disease. Brain. 2013;136(Pt 7):2120–9. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awt152.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  68. Arnaldi D, De Carli F, Picco A, Ferrara M, Accardo J, Bossert I, Famà F, Girtler N, Morbelli S, Sambuceti G, Nobili F. Nigro-caudate dopaminergic deafferentation: a marker of REM sleep behavior disorder? Neurobiol Aging. 2015;36(12):3300–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2015.08.025.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Arnaldi D, Famà F, De Carli F, Morbelli S, Ferrara M, Picco A, Accardo J, Primavera A, Sambuceti G, Nobili F. The role of the serotonergic system in REM sleep behavior disorder. Sleep. 2015;38(9):1505–9. https://doi.org/10.5665/sleep.5000.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  70. Iranzo A, Lomeña F, Stockner H, Valldeoriola F, Villaseca I, Salamero M, Molinuevo JL, Serradell M, Duch J, Pavia J, Gallego J, Seppi K, Högl B, Tolosa E, Poewe W, Santamaria J, Sleep Innsbruck Barcelona (SINBAR) group. Decreased striatal dopamine transporter uptake and substantia nigra hyperechogenicity as risk markers of synucleinopathy in patients with idiopathic rapid-eye-movement sleep behaviour disorder: a prospective study [corrected]. Lancet Neurol. 2010;9(11):1070–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(10)70216-7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Nardone R, Bergmann J, Kunz A, Christova M, Brigo F, Tezzon F, Trinka E, Golaszewski S. Cortical afferent inhibition is reduced in patients with idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder and cognitive impairment: a TMS study. Sleep Med. 2012;13(7):919–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2012.03.009.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Rahayel S, Postuma RB, Montplaisir J, Génier Marchand D, Escudier F, Gaubert M, Bourgouin PA, Carrier J, Monchi O, Joubert S, Blanc F, Gagnon JF. Cortical and subcortical gray matter bases of cognitive deficits in REM sleep behavior disorder. Neurology. 2018;90(20):e1759–70. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000005523.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  73. Kehagia AA, Barker RA, Robbins TW. Neuropsychological and clinical heterogeneity of cognitive impairment and dementia in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Lancet Neurol. 2010;9(12):1200–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(10)70212-X.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Gratwicke J, Jahanshahi M, Foltynie T. Parkinson’s disease dementia: a neural networks perspective. Brain. 2015;138(6):1454–76. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awv104.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  75. Kotagal V, Albin RL, Müller ML, Koeppe RA, Chervin RD, Frey KA, Bohnen NI. Symptoms of rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder are associated with cholinergic denervation in Parkinson disease. Ann Neurol. 2012;71(4):560–8. https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.22691.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  76. Hely MA, Reid WG, Adena MA, Halliday GM, Morris JG. The Sydney multicenter study of Parkinson’s disease: the inevitability of dementia at 20 years. Mov Disord. 2008;23(6):837–44. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.21956.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Gagnon JF, Bédard MA, Fantini ML, Petit D, Panisset M, Rompré S, Carrier J, Montplaisir J. REM sleep behavior disorder and REM sleep without atonia in Parkinson’s disease. Neurology. 2002;59(4):585–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Sixel-Döring F, Trautmann E, Mollenhauer B, Trenkwalder C. Associated factors for REM sleep behavior disorder in Parkinson disease. Neurology. 2011;77(11):1048–54. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e31822e560e.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Gagnon JF, Postuma RB, Lyonnais Lafond G. Cognition and the Sleep-Wake Cycle in Parkinson’s disease. In: Videnovic A, Högl B, editors. Disorders of sleep and circadian rhythms in Parkinson’s disease. Wien: Springer; 2015. p. 183–94.

    Google Scholar 

  80. Arnaldi D, Morbelli S, Brugnolo A, Girtler N, Picco A, Ferrara M, Accardo J, Buschiazzo A, de Carli F, Pagani M, Nobili F. Functional neuroimaging and clinical features of drug naïve patients with de novo Parkinson’s disease and probable RBD. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2016;29:47–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2016.05.031.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Chahine LM, Xie SX, Simuni T, Tran B, Postuma R, Amara A, Oertel WH, Iranzo A, Scordia C, Fullard M, Linder C, Purri R, Darin A, Rennert L, Videnovic A, Del Riva P, Weintraub D. Longitudinal changes in cognition in early Parkinson’s disease patients with REM sleep behavior disorder. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2016;27:102–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2016.03.006.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  82. Erro R, Santangelo G, Picillo M, Vitale C, Amboni M, Longo K, Costagliola A, Pellecchia MT, Allocca R, De Rosa A, De Michele G, Santoro L, Barone P. Link between non-motor symptoms and cognitive dysfunctions in de novo, drug-naive PD patients. J Neurol. 2012;259(9):1808–13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-011-6407-0.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Gong Y, Xiong KP, Mao CJ, Shen Y, Hu WD, Huand JY, Han F, Chen R, Liu CF. Clinical manifestations of Parkinson disease and the onset of rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder. Sleep Med. 2014;15(6):647–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2013.12.021.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Sinforiani E, Zangaglia R, Manni R, Cristina S, Marchioni E, Nappi G, Mancini F, Pacchetti C. REM sleep behavior disorder, hallucinations, and cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord. 2006;21(4):462–6. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.20719.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Vendette M, Gagnon JF, Décary A, Massicotte-Marquez J, Postuma RB, Doyon J, Panisset M, Montplaisir J. REM sleep behavior disorder predicts cognitive impairment in Parkinson disease without dementia. Neurology. 2007;69(19):1843–9. https://doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000278114.14096.74.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Wang G, Wan Y, Wang Y, Xiao Q, Liu J, Ma JF, Wang XJ, Zhou HY, Tan YY, Cheng Q, Chen SD. Visual hallucinations and associated factors in Chinese patients with Parkinson’s disease: roles of RBD and visual pathway deficit. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2010;16(10):695–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2010.08.013.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Benninger D, Waldvogel D, Bassetti CL. REM sleep behavior disorder predicts cognitive impairment in Parkinson disease without dementia. Neurology. 2008;71(12):955–6. https://doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000327854.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Bugalho P, de Silva JA, Neto B. Clinical features associated with REM sleep behavior disorder symptoms in the early stages of Parkinson’s disease. J Neurol. 2011;258(1):50–5. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-010-5679-0.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Lavault S, Leu-Semenescu S, Tezenas du Montcel S, Cochen de Cock V, Vidailhet M, Arnulf I. Does clinical rapid eye movement behavior disorder predict worse outcomes in Parkinson’s disease? J Neurol. 2010;257(7):1154–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-010-5482-y.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Lee JE, Kim KS, Shin HW, Sohn YH. Factors related to clinically probable REM sleep behavior disorder in Parkinson disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2010;16(2):105–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2009.08.005.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  91. Plomhause L, Dujardin K, Duhamel A, Delliaux M, Derambure P, Defebvre L, Monaca Charley C. Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder in treatment-naïve Parkinson disease patients. Sleep Med. 2013;14(10):1035–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2013.04.018.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Sixel-Döring F, Trautmann E, Mollenhauer B, Trenkwalder C. Rapid eye movement sleep behavioral events: a new marker for neurodegeneration in early Parkinson disease? Sleep. 2014;37(3):431–8. https://doi.org/10.5665/sleep.3468.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  93. Yoritaka A, Ohizumi H, Tanaka S, Hattori N. Parkinson’s disease with and without REM sleep behaviour disorder: are there any clinical differences? Eur Neurol. 2009;61(3):164–70. https://doi.org/10.1159/000189269.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Jozwiak N, Postuma RB, Montplaisir J, Latreille V, Panisset M, Chouinard S, Bourgouin PA, Gagnon JF. REM Sleep Behavior Disorder and Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson’s Disease. Sleep. 2017;40(8). https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsx101.

  95. Ansari M, Rahmani F, Dolatshahi M, Pooyan A, Arabi MH. Brain pathway differences between Parkinson’s disease patients with and without REM sleep behavior disorder. Sleep Breath. 2017;21(1):155–61. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11325-016-1435-8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. Boucetta S, Salimi A, Dadar M, Jones BE, Collins DL, Dang-Vu TT. Structural brain alterations associated with rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder in Parkinson’s disease. Sci Rep. 2016;6:267–82. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep26782.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Ford AH, Duncan GW, Firbank MJ, Yarnall AJ, Khoo TK, Burn DJ, O’Brien JT. Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder in Parkinson’s disease: magnetic resonance imaging study. Mov Disord. 2013;28(6):832–6. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.25367.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  98. Gagnon JF, Fantini ML, Bédard MA, Petit D, Carrier J, Rompré S, Décary A, Panisset M, Montplaisir J. Association between waking EEG slowing and REM sleep behavior disorder in PD without dementia. Neurology. 2004;62(3):401–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. Gaudreault PO, Gagnon JF, Montplaisir J, Vendette M, Postuma RB, Gagnon K, Gosselin N. Abnormal occipital event-related potentials in Parkinson’s disease with concomitant REM sleep behavior disorder. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2013;19(2):212–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2012.10.006.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  100. Lim JS, Shin SA, Lee JY, Nam H, Lee JY, Kim YK. Neural substrates of rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder in Parkinson’s disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2016;23:31–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2015.11.027.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  101. Postuma RB, Adler CH, Dugger BN, Hentz JG, Shill HA, Driver-Dunckley E, Sabbagh MN, Jacobson SA, Belden CM, Sue LI, Serrano G, Beach TG. REM sleep behavior disorder and neuropathology in Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord. 2015;30(10):1413–7. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.26347.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Rahmani F, Ansari M, Pooyan A, Mirbagheri MM, Aarabi MH. Differences in white matter microstructure between Parkinson’s disease patients with and without REM sleep behavior disorder. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2016:1124–6. https://doi.org/10.1109/EMBC.2016.7590901.

  103. Salsone M, Cerasa A, Arabia G, Morelli M, Gambardella A, Mumoli L, Nistico R, Vescio B, Quattrone A. Reduced thalamic volume in Parkinson disease with REM sleep behavior disorder: volumetric study. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2014;20(9):1004–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2014.06.012.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Bliwise DL, Trotti LM, Greer SA, Juncos JJ, Rye DB. Phasic muscle activity in sleep and clinical features of Parkinson disease. Ann Neurol. 2010;68(3):353–9. https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.22076.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  105. Fereshtehnejad SM, Romenets SR, Anang JB, Latreille V, Gagnon JF, Postuma RB. New clinical subtypes of Parkinson disease and their longitudinal progression: a prospective cohort comparison with other phenotypes. JAMA Neurol. 2015;72(8):863–73. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2015.0703.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  106. Manni R, Terzaghi M, Ratti PL, Repetto A, Zangaglia R, Pacchetti C. Hallucinations and REM sleep behaviour disorder in Parkinson’s disease: dream imagery intrusions and other hypothesis. Conscious Cogn. 2011;20:1021–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  107. Nomura T, Inoue Y, Kagimura T, Nakashima K. Clinical significance of REM sleep behavior disorder in Parkinson’s disease. Sleep Med. 2013;14(2):131–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2012.10.011.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  108. Postuma RB, Montplaisir J, Lanfranchi P, Blais H, Rompré S, Colombo R, Gagnon JF. Cardiac autonomic denervation in Parkinson’s disease is linked to REM sleep behavior disorder. Mov Disord. 2011;26(8):1529–33. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.23677.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  109. Postuma RB, Bertrand JA, Montplaisir J, Desjardins C, Vendette M, Rios Romenets S, Panisset M, Gagnon JF. Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder and risk of dementia in Parkinson’s disease: a prospective study. Mov Disord. 2012;27(6):720–6. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.24939.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  110. Romenets SR, Gagnon JF, Latreille V, Panniset M, Chouinard S, Montplaisir J, Postuma RB. Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder and subtypes of Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord. 2012;27(8):996–1003. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.25086.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  111. Videnovic A, Marlin C, Alibiglou L, Planetta PJ, Vaillancourt DE, Mackinnon CD. Increased REM sleep without atonia in Parkinson disease with freezing of gait. Neurology. 2013;81(12):1030–5. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182a4a408.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  112. Lenka A, Hegde S, Jhunjhunwala KR, Pal PK. Interactions of visual hallucinations, rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder and cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease: a review. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2016;22:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parkreldis.2015.11.018.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors thank Dr. Jacques Montplaisir and Dr. Ronald Postuma for their contribution to the research program on cognition in rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder and Parkinson’s disease. Our research program was supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Fonds de recherche du Québec—Santé, Parkinson Canada, and W. Garfield Weston Foundation. J.-F.G. holds a Canada Research Chair in Cognitive Decline in Pathological Aging.

Conflict of Interest Statement: The research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as potential conflicts of interest.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada

    Jean-François Gagnon, Pierre-Alexandre Bourgouin, Jessie De Roy & Daphné Génier Marchand

  2. Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, CIUSSS du Nord-de-l’Île-de-Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada

    Jean-François Gagnon, Pierre-Alexandre Bourgouin, Jessie De Roy & Daphné Génier Marchand

Authors
  1. Jean-François Gagnon
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Pierre-Alexandre Bourgouin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Jessie De Roy
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Daphné Génier Marchand
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jean-François Gagnon .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Minnesota Regional Sleep Disorders Center, Departments of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Medical School and Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA

    Carlos H. Schenck

  2. Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria

    Birgit Högl

  3. Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Aleksandar Videnovic

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Gagnon, JF., Bourgouin, PA., De Roy, J., Génier Marchand, D. (2019). Neuropsychological Aspects: Cognition in RBD. In: Schenck, C., Högl, B., Videnovic, A. (eds) Rapid-Eye-Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90152-7_34

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90152-7_34

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-90151-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-90152-7

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation