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Parasomnia Overlap Disorder: RBD and NREM Parasomnias

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Rapid-Eye-Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder

Abstract

Parasomnia overlap disorder (POD) was formally described and named in 1997 with a series of 33 cases of RBD combined with a disorder of arousal from NREM sleep (confusional arousals, sleepwalking, sleep terrors) that emerged idiopathically or symptomatically with neurological and other disorders. The presenting complaint was sleep-related injury; mean age was 34 years, and mean age of parasomnia onset was 15 years (range 1–66 years); 70% were males. POD is classified as a subtype of RBD in the International Classification of Sleep Disorders, 3rd edition. An updated classification of POD also includes RBD-sleep-related eating disorder, RBD-sexsomnia, RBD-rhythmic movement disorder, and POD with Parkinson’s disease and other neurological disorders, including the newly identified autoimmune tauopathy with antibodies against IgLON5 (“anti-IgLON5 syndrome”) manifesting as RBD, NREM parasomnia, sleep-related breathing disturbance and striking, and progressive neurological features. POD may be a distinct pathophysiological entity, and not just a variant of RBD, given its typically younger age of onset and apparent lack of progression to neurodegeneration that contrasts with typical RBD in middle-aged and older adults. POD is usually controlled with bedtime clonazepam and other therapies.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Minnesota Regional Sleep Disorders Center, and Departments of Psychiatry, Hennepin County Medical Center and University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA

    Carlos H. Schenck

  2. Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA

    Michael J. Howell

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  1. Carlos H. Schenck
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  2. Michael J. Howell
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Correspondence to Carlos H. Schenck .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Minnesota Regional Sleep Disorders Center, Departments of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Medical School and Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA

    Carlos H. Schenck

  2. Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria

    Birgit Högl

  3. Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Aleksandar Videnovic

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Schenck, C.H., Howell, M.J. (2019). Parasomnia Overlap Disorder: RBD and NREM Parasomnias. In: Schenck, C., Högl, B., Videnovic, A. (eds) Rapid-Eye-Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90152-7_27

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90152-7_27

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  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-90152-7

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