Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder in Narcolepsy

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Rapid-Eye-Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder

  • 1307 Accesses

Abstract

Narcolepsy is a central nervous system hypersomnia characterized by a loss of boundaries between wake and sleep and altered manifestations of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Type 1 narcolepsy (NT1), formerly called narcolepsy with cataplexy, is the primary form of narcolepsy due to the loss of hypothalamic hypocretin (orexin)-producing neurons and characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and by cataplexy, sleep paralysis, and hypnagogic/hypnopompic hallucinations. All the above listed symptoms are considered REM sleep-wakefulness dissociated states, and they frequently overlap. REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD), characterized by intermittent loss of REM sleep muscle atonia and intense motor and/or verbal dream-enacting activity, and REM sleep without atonia (RWA), characterized by wakeful EMG muscle tone surfacing during REM sleep muscle atonia, are also seen as dissociated REM sleep-wakefulness states common in NT1. In NT1 patients, RBD may occur in every REM sleep period, equally represented in the first and in the second part of the night, and at the sleep-onset REM period. RBD in NT1 patients is usually not an every-night phenomenon. Nevertheless, RBD can be the first, often overlooked, heralding symptom of NT1. RBD and RWA in NT1 have a different pathophysiology from that reported in idiopathic RBD, and they do not seem to indicate a prelude to parkinsonism, dysautonomia, or dementia. RBD is rarely a primary and important complaint (i.e., leading to injuries) for NT1 patients, who usually display non-violent enacted behaviors (i.e., task-oriented, reminiscent of lively interactions with objects or other persons).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 109.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Dauvilliers Y, Montplaisir J, Molinari N, Carlander B, Ondze B, Besset A, et al. Age at onset of narcolepsy in two large populations of patients in France and Quebec. Neurology. 2001;57:2029–33.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Thorpy MJ, Krieger AC. Delayed diagnosis of narcolepsy: characterization and impact. Sleep Med. 2014;15:502–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Ingravallo F, Schenck CH, Plazzi G. Injurious REM sleep behaviour disorder in narcolepsy with cataplexy contributing to criminal proceedings and divorce. Sleep Med. 2010;11:950–2.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Gélineau JBE. De la narcolepsie. Gaz Hop (Paris). 1880;53:626–28, 635–7.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Westphal C. Eigentümliche mit Einschlafen verbundene Anfälle (Peculiarity of sleep-related seizure). Arch Psychiatr Nervenker. 1877;7:631–5.

    Google Scholar 

  6. American Academy of Sleep Medicine. International classification of sleep disorders. 3rd ed. Darien, IL: American Academy of Sleep Medicine; 2014.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Pizza F, Vandi S, Iloti M, Franceschini C, Liguori R, Mignot E, Plazzi G. Nocturnal sleep dynamics identify narcolepsy type 1. Sleep. 2015;38:1277–84.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  8. Nohynek H, Jokinen J, Partinen M, Vaarala O, Kirjavainen T, et al. AS03 adjuvanted AH1N1 vaccine associated with an abrupt increase in the incidence of childhood narcolepsy in Finland. PLoS One. 2012;7:e33536.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  9. Han F, Lin L, Warby SC, et al. Narcolepsy onset is seasonal and increased following the 2009 H1N1 pandemic in China. Ann Neurol. 2011;703:410–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Partinen M, Saarenpa-Heikkila O, Ilveskoski I, Hublin C, Linna M, et al. Increased incidence and clinical picture of childhood narcolepsy following the 2009 H1N1 pandemic vaccination campaign in Finland. PLoS One. 2012;7:e33723.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  11. Kleitman N. Sleep and wakefulness. The University Chicago Press, Chicago and London; Revised and enlarged edition 1963.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Vogel G. Studies in psychophysiology of dreams. III. The dream of narcolepsy. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1960;3:421–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Broughton R, Valley V, Aguirre M, Roberts J, Suwalski W, Dunham W. Excessive daytime sleepiness and the pathophysiology of narcolepsy-cataplexy: a laboratory perspective. Sleep. 1986;9:205–15.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Diniz Behn CG, Klerman EB, Mochizuki T, Lin SC, Scammell TE. Abnormal sleep/wake dynamics in orexin knockout mice. Sleep. 2010;33:297–306.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  15. Luca G, Haba-Rubio J, Dauvilliers Y, Lammers GJ, Overeem S, Donjacour CE, et al. Clinical, polysomnographic and genome-wide association analyses of narcolepsy with cataplexy: a European Narcolepsy Network study. J Sleep Res. 2013;22:482–95.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Ohayon MM, Ferini-Strambi L, Plazzi G, Smirne S, Castronovo V. Frequency of narcolepsy symptoms and other sleep disorders in narcoleptic patients and their first-degree relatives. J Sleep Res. 2005;14:437–45.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Rechtschaffen A, Wolpert EA, Dement WC, MitchellSA FC. Nocturnal sleep in narcoleptics. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1963;15:599–609.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Mitchell SA, Dement WC. Narcolepsy syndrome: antecedent, contiguous and concomitant nocturnal sleep disordering and deprivation. Psychophysiology. 1968;4:398.

    Google Scholar 

  19. De Barros-Ferreira M, Lairy GC. Ambiguous sleep in narcolepsy. Disturbed nocturnal sleep. In: Guilleminault C, Dement WC, Passouant P, editors. Advances in Sleep Researches, vol. 3. New York: Spectrum; 1975. p. 57–66.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Montaplasir J. Disturbed nocturnal sleep. In: Guilleminault C, Dement WC, Passouant P, editors. Advances in sleep researches, vol. 3; 1975. p. 43–56.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Raynal D. Polygraphic aspect of narcolepsy. In: Guilleminault C, Dement WC, Passouant P, editors. Advances in sleep researches, vol. 3; 1975. p. 671–84.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Schenck CH, Mahowald MW. Motor dyscontrol in narcolepsy: rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep without atonia and REM sleep behaviour disorder. Ann Neurol. 1992;32:3–10.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Mayer G, Meier-Ewert K. Motor dyscontrol in sleep of narcoleptic patients (a lifelong development?). J Sleep Res. 1993;2:143–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Nightingale S, Orgill JC, Ebrahim IO, de Lacy SF, Agrawal S, Williams AJ. The association between narcolepsy and REM behavior disorder (RBD). Sleep Med. 2005;6:253–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Knudsen S, Gammeltoft S, Jennum PJ. Rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder in patients with narcolepsy is associated with hypocretin-1 deficiency. Brain. 2010;133:568–79.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Mukai J, Uchida S, Miyazaki S, Nishihara K, Honda Y. Spectral analysis of all night human sleep EEG in narcoleptic patients and normal subjects. J Sleep Res. 2003;12:63–71.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Dauvilliers Y, Pennestri MH, Petit D, Dang-Vu T, Lavigne G, Montplaisir J. Periodic leg movements during sleep and wakefulness in narcolepsy. J Sleep Res. 2007;16:333–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Ferri R, Franceschini C, Zucconi M, Vandi S, Poli F, Bruni O, Cipolli C, et al. Searching for a marker of REM Sleep behavior disorder: submentalis muscle EMG Amplitude analysis during sleep in patients with narcolepsy/cataplexy. Sleep. 2008;31:1409–17.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  29. Ferri R, Franceschini C, Zucconi M, Drago V, Manconi M, Vandi S, et al. Sleep polygraphic study of children and adolescents with narcolepsy/cataplexy. Dev Neuropsychol. 2009;34:523–38.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Roth T, Dauvilliers Y, Mignot E, Montplaisir J, Paul J, Swick T, Zee P. Disrupted nighttime sleep in narcolepsy. J Clin Sleep Med. 2013;9:955–65.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  31. Sorensen GL, Knudsen S, Jennum P. Sleep transitions in hypocretin deficient narcolepsy. Sleep. 2013;36:1173–7.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  32. Jensen JB, Sorensen HB, Kempfner J, Sørensen GL, Knudsen S, Jennum P. Sleep-wake transition in narcolepsy and healthy controls using a support vector machine. J Clin Neurophysiol. 2014;31:397–401.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Christensen JA, Carrillo O, Leary EB, Peppard PE, Young T, Sorensen HB, et al. Sleep-stage transitions during polysomnographic recordings as diagnostic features of type 1 narcolepsy. Sleep Med. 2015;16:1558–66.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  34. Frauscher B, Gschliesser V, Brandauer E, Schönwald SV, Falkenstetter T, Ehrmann L, et al. Motor disturbances during non-REM and REM sleep in narcolepsy-cataplexy: a videopolysomnographic analysis. J Sleep Res. 2011;20:514–21.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Cipolli C, Franceschini C, Mattarozzi K, Mazzetti M, Plazzi G. Overnight distribution and motor characteristics of REM sleep behaviour disorder episodes in patients with narcolepsy-cataplexy. Sleep Med. 2011;12:635–40.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Franceschini C, Ferri R, Pizza F, Ricotta L, Vandi S, Detto S, et al. Motor events during REM sleep in patients with narcolepsy-cataplexy: a video-polysomnographic pilot study. Sleep Med. 2011;12:S59–63.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Antelmi E, Ferri R, Iranzo A, Arnulf I, Dauvilliers Y, Bhatia KP, Liguori R, Schenck CH, Plazzi G. From state dissociation to status dissociatus. Sleep Med Rev. 2016;28:5–17.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Antelmi E, Pizza F, Vandi S, Neccia G, Ferri R, Bruni O, Filardi M, Cantalupo G, Liguori R, Plazzi G. The spectrum of REM sleep-related episodes in children with type 1 narcolepsy. Brain. 2017;140:1669–79.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Cosentino FII, Distefano A, Plazzi G, Schenck CH, Ferri R. A case of REM sleep behavior disorder, narcolepsy-cataplexy, parkinsonism and rheumatoid arthritis. Behav Neurol. 2014;2014:572931.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  40. Dauvilliers Y, Arnulf I, Mignot E. Narcolepsy with cataplexy. Lancet. 2007b;369:499–511.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Schenck CH, Mahowald MW. REM sleep behavior disorder: clinical, developmental, and neuroscience perspectives 16 years after its formal identification in sleep. Sleep. 2002;25:120–38.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Mattarozzi K, Bellucci C, Campi C, Cipolli C, Ferri R, Franceschini C, et al. Clinical, behavioural and polysomnographic correlates of cataplexy in patients with narcolepsy/cataplexy. Sleep Med. 2008;9:425–33.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Mayer G, Kesper K, Ploch T, Canisius S, Penzel T, Oertel W, et al. Quantification of tonic and phasic muscle activity in REM sleep behavior disorder. J Clin Neurophysiol. 2008;25:48–55.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Dauvilliers Y, Billiard M, Montplaisir J. Clinical aspects and pathophysiology of narcolepsy. Clin Neurophysiol. 2003;114:2000–17.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Dauvilliers Y, Rompre S, Gagnon JF, Vendette M, Petit D, Montplaisir J. REM sleep characteristics in narcolepsy and REM sleep behavior disorder. Sleep. 2007c;30:844–9.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  46. Schenck CH, Lee SA, Bornemann MA, Mahowald MW. Potentially lethal behaviors associated with rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder: review of the literature and forensic implications. J Forensic Sci. 2009;5:1475–84.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Poryazova R, Hug D, Baumann CR. Narcolepsy and traumatic brain injury: cause or consequence? Sleep Med. 2011;12:811.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Bellucci C, Vandi S, Iloti M, Pizza F, Russo PM, Tuozzi G, Cipolli C, Plazzi G. Dissociated rapid eye movement sleep dream experiences in type 1 narcolepsy: a case report. Sleep Med. 2016;19:150–2.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Baiardi S, Pizza F, Vandi S, Franceschini C, Vigo A, Cipolli C, Tuozzi G, Liguori R, Plazzi G. Cataplectic attacks during rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder episodes in a narcoleptic patient. Sleep Med. 2014;15:273–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Dauvilliers Y, Jennum P, Plazzi G. Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder and rapid eye movement sleep without atonia in narcolepsy. Sleep Med. 2013;14:775–81.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Nevsimalova S. Narcolepsy in childhood. Sleep Med Rev. 2009;13:169–80.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Sheldon SH, Jacobsen J. REM sleep motor disorder in children. J Child Neurol. 1998;13:257–60.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Bonakis A, Howard RS, Williams A. Narcolepsy presenting as REM sleep behaviour disorder. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2008;110:518–20.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Nevsimalova S, Prihodova I, Kemlink D, Lin L, Mignot E. REM behavior disorder (RBD) can be one of the first symptoms of childhood narcolepsy. Sleep Med. 2007;8:784–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Lloyd R, Tippmann-Peikert M, Slocumb N, Kotagal S. Characteristics of REM sleep behavior disorder in childhood. Clin Sleep Med. 2012;8:127–31.

    Google Scholar 

  56. Postiglione E, Antelmi E, Pizza F, Lecendreux M, Dauvilliers Y, Plazzi G. The clinical spectrum of childhood narcolepsy. Sleep Med Rev. 2018;38:70–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2017.04.003.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Montplaisir J, Billiard M, Takahashi S, Bell IR, Guilleminault C, Dement WC. Twenty-four-hour recording in REM-narcoleptics with special reference to nocturnal sleep disruption. Biol Psychiatry. 1978;13:73–89.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Lapierre O, Montplaisir J. Polysomnographic features of REM sleep behavior disorder: development of a scoring method. Neurology. 1992;42:1371–4.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Frauscher B, Iranzo A, Gaig C, et al. Normative EMG values during REM sleep for the diagnosis of REM sleep behavior disorder. Sleep. 2012;35:835–47.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  60. McCarter SJ, St Louis EK, Boeve BF, Sandness DJ, Silber MH. Greatest rapid eye movement sleep atonia loss in men and older age. Ann Clin Transl Neurol. 2014;1:733–8.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  61. Burns JW, Consens FB, Little RJ, Angell KJ, Gilman S, Chervin RD. EMG variance during polysomnography as an assessment for REM sleep behavior disorder. Sleep. 2007;30:1771–8.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  62. Ferri R, Manconi M, Plazzi G, Bruni O, Vandi S, Montagna P, et al. A quantitative statistical analysis of the submentalis muscle EMG amplitude during sleep in normal controls and patients with REM sleep behavior disorder. J Sleep Res. 2008;17:89–100.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Fairley JA, Georgoulas G, Stylios CD, Vachtsevanos G, Rye DB, Bliwise DL. Phasic Electromyographic Metric detection based on wavelet analysis. Mediterr Conf Control Automation. 2011. https://doi.org/10.1109/MED.2011.5983202.

  64. Montplaisir J, Gagnon JF, Fantini ML, Postuma RB, Dauvilliers Y, Desautels A, et al. Polysomnographic diagnosis of idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder. Mov Disord. 2010;25:2044–51.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Ferri R, Rundo F, Manconi M, Plazzi G, Bruni O, Oldani A, et al. Improved computation of the atonia index in normal controls and patients with REM sleep behavior disorder. Sleep Med. 2010;11:947–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Ferri R, Bruni O, Fulda S, Zucconi M, Plazzi G. A quantitative analysis of the submentalis muscle electromyographic amplitude during rapid eye movement sleep across the lifespan. J Sleep Res. 2012;21:257–63.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Bin-Hasan S, Videnovic A, Maski K. Nocturnal REM Sleep Without Atonia Is a Diagnostic Biomarker of Pediatric Narcolepsy. J Clin Sleep Med. 2018;14:245-52.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  68. Ferri R, Zucconi M, Manconi M, Bruni O, Ferini-Strambi L, Vandi S, et al. Different periodicity and time structure of leg movements during sleep in narcolepsy/cataplexy and restless legs syndrome. Sleep. 2006;29:1587–94.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Vendrame M, Havaligi N, Matadeen-Ali C, Adams R, Kothare SV. Narcolepsy in children: a single-center clinical experience. Pediatr Neurol. 2008;38:314–20.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Jambhekar SK, Com G, Jones E, Jackson R, Castro MM, Knight F, et al. Periodic limb movements during sleep in children with narcolepsy. J Clin Sleep Med. 2011;7:597–601.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  71. Ferri R, Bruni O, Zucconi M, Plazzi G. The importance to assess the true “periodicity” of leg movements during sleep in narcolepsy. J Clin Sleep Med. 2012;8:231–2.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  72. Plazzi G, Ferri R, Antelmi E, Bayard S, Franceschini C, Cosentino FII, Abril B, Spruyt K, Provini F, Montagna P, Dauvilliers Y. Restless legs syndrome is frequent in narcolepsy with cataplexy patients. Sleep. 2010;33:689–94.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  73. Plazzi G, Ferri R, Franceschini C, Vandi S, Detto S, Pizza F, Poli F, Cochen de Cock V, Bayard S, Dauvilliers Y. Periodic leg movements during sleep in narcoleptic patients with or without restless legs syndrome. J Sleep Res. 2012;21:155–62.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Jouvet D, Vimont P, Delorme F. Study of selective deprivation of the paradoxal phase of sleep in the cat. J Physiol. 1964;56:381.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Mouret J, Delorme F, Jouvet M. Lesions of the pontine tegmentum and sleep in rats. C R Seances Soc Biol Fil. 1967;161:1603–6.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Schenck CH, Bundlie SR, Ettinger MG, Mahowald MW. Chronic behavioral disorders of human REM sleep: a new category of parasomnia. Sleep. 1986;9:293–308.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Hendricks JC, Morrison AR, Mann GL. Different behaviors during paradoxical sleep without atonia depend on pontine lesion site. Brain Res. 1982;239:81–105.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Zagrodzka J, Hedberg CE, Mann GL, Morrison AR. Contrasting expressions of aggressive behavior released by lesions of the central nucleus of the amygdala during wakefulness and rapid eye movement sleep without atonia in cats. Behav Neurosci. 1998;112:589–602.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Morrison AR. Motor control in sleep. Handb Clin Neurol. 2011;99:835–49.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Luppi PH, Clément O, Sapin E, Gervasoni D, Peyron C, Léger L, et al. The neuronal network responsible for paradoxical sleep and its dysfunctions causing narcolepsy and rapid eye movement (REM) behavior disorder. Sleep Med Rev. 2011;15:153–63.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Peyron C, Faraco J, Rogers W, Ripley B, Overeem S, Charnay Y, et al. A mutation in a case of early onset narcolepsy and a generalized absence of hypocretin peptides in human narcoleptic brains. Nat Med. 2000;6:991–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Thannickal TC, Moore RY, Nienhuis R, Ramanathan L, Gulyani S, Aldrich M, et al. Reduced number of hypocretin neurons in human narcolepsy. Neuron. 2000;27:469–74.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  83. Meletti S, Vaudano AE, Pizza F, Ruggieri A, Vandi S, Teggi A, Franceschini C, Benuzzi F, Nichelli PF, Plazzi G. The brain correlates of laugh and cataplexy in childhood narcolepsy. J Neurosci. 2015;35:11583–94.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  84. Postuma RB, Gagnon JF, Bertrand JA, Génier Marchand D, Montplaisir JY. Parkinson risk in idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder: preparing for neuroprotective trials. Neurology. 2015;84:1104–13.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  85. Billiard M. REM sleep behavior disorder and narcolepsy. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets. 2009;8:264–70.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Eisensehr I, Linke R, Tatsch K, von Lindeiner H, Kharraz B, Gildehaus FJ, et al. Alteration of the striatal dopaminergic system in human narcolepsy. Neurology. 2003;60:1817–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Fantini ML, Gagnon JF, Filipini D, Montplaisir J. The effects of pramipexole in REM sleep behavior disorder. Neurology. 2003;61:1418–20.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Billiard M, Bassetti C, Dauvilliers Y, Dolenc-Groselj L, Lammers GJ, Mayer G, et al. EFNS guidelines on management of narcolepsy. Eur J Neurol. 2006;13:1035–48.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Onofrj M, Luciano AL, Thomas A, Iacono D, D’Andreamatteo G. Mirtazapine induces REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) in parkinsonism. Neurology. 2003;60:113–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Schenck CH, Bundlie SR, Mahowald MW. Delayed emergence of a parkinsonian disorder in 38% of 29 older men initially diagnosed with idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder. Neurology. 1996;46:388–93.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Olson EJ, Boeve BF, Silber MH. Rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder: demographic, clinical and laboratory findings in 93 cases. Brain. 2000;123:331–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Sforza E, Krieger J, Petiau C. REM sleep behavior disorder: clinical and physiopathological findings. Sleep Med Rev. 1997;1:57–69.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Kunz D, Bes F. Melatonin as a therapy in REM sleep behavior disorder patients: an open-labeled pilot study on the possible influence of melatonin on REM sleep regulation. Mov Disord. 1999;14:507–11.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Takeuchi N, Uchimura N, Hashizume Y, Mukai M, Etoh Y, Yamamoto K, et al. Melatonin therapy for REM sleep behavior disorder. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2001;55:267–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Boeve BF, Silber MH, Ferman TJ. Melatonin for treatment of REM sleep behavior disorder in neurologic disorders: results in 14 patients. Sleep Med. 2003;4:281–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. Kunz D, Mahlberg R. A two-part, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of exogenous melatonin in REM sleep behaviour disorder. J Sleep Res. 2010;19:591–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  97. Boscolo-Berto R, Viel G, Montagnese S, Raduazzo DI, Ferrara SD, Dauvilliers Y. Sleep Med Rev. 2012;16:431–43.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  98. Mayer G. Efficacy of sodium oxybate on REM sleep behavior disorder in a patient with narcolepsy type 1. Neurology. 2016;87:2594–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. Mayer G, Rodenbeck A, Kesper K, International Xyrem Study Group. Sodium oxybate treatment in narcolepsy and its effect on muscle tone. Sleep Med. 2017;35:1–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  100. Schenck CH, Montplaisir JY, Frauscher B, et al. Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder: devising controlled active treatment studies for symptomatic and neuroprotective therapy—a consensus statement from the International Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder Study Group. Sleep Med. 2013;14:795–806.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  101. Anderson KN, Shneerson JM. Drug treatment of REM sleep behavior disorder: the use of drug therapies other than clonazepam. J Clin Sleep Med. 2009;5:235–9.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  102. Shneerson JM. Successful treatment of REM sleep behavior disorder with sodium oxybate. Clin Neuropharmacol. 2009;32:158–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  103. Liebenthal J, Valerio J, Ruoff C, Mahowald M. A case of rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder in Parkinson disease treated with sodium oxybate. JAMA Neurol. 2016;73:126–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  104. Moghadam KK, Pizza F, Primavera A, Ferri R, Plazzi G. Sodium oxybate for idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder: a report on two patients. Sleep Med. 2017;32:16–21.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  105. Plazzi G, Serra L, Ferri R. Nocturnal aspects of narcolepsy with cataplexy. Sleep Med Rev. 2008;12:109–28.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  106. Serra L, Montagna P, Mignot E, Lugaresi E, Plazzi G. Cataplexy features in childhood narcolepsy. Mov Disord. 2008;23:858–65.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  107. Plazzi G, Moghadam KK, Maggi LS, Donadio V, Vetrugno R, Liguori R, Zoccoli G, Poli F, Pizza F, Pagotto U, Ferri R. Autonomic disturbances in narcolepsy. Sleep Med Rev. 2011;15:187–96.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Note Added in Proof:

The following is a recent pertinent publication: Bin-Hasan S, Videnovic A, Maski K. Nocturnal REM sleep without atonia is a diagnostic biomarker of pediatric narcolepsy. J Clin Sleep Med. 2018;14:245–52.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

    Giuseppe Plazzi

Authors
  1. Giuseppe Plazzi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Giuseppe Plazzi .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Minnesota Regional Sleep Disorders Center, Departments of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Medical School and Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA

    Carlos H. Schenck

  2. Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria

    Birgit Högl

  3. Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Aleksandar Videnovic

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Plazzi, G. (2019). REM Sleep Behavior Disorder in Narcolepsy. In: Schenck, C., Högl, B., Videnovic, A. (eds) Rapid-Eye-Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90152-7_11

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90152-7_11

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-90151-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-90152-7

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation