Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Improving Lives Through Alleviating Malnutrition

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Physical Health of Adults with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities

  • 842 Accesses

Abstract

Nutritional deficiencies at any stages of growth affect physical, mental and behavioural development. This is particularly important for individuals with intellectual disability and their caregivers, who are constantly faced with multiple challenges. Providing a balanced diet that is adequate with macro- and micro-nutrients, vitamins and anti-oxidants, is an important aspects of over coming such. The nutritional supplementary guidelines of various scientific societies are generally for healthy people. Thus, they may not necessarily be applicable to those with intellectual or developmenetal disability. Those with disabilities have special needs all-around, including nutrients. Body mass index, the prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity, even when matched with age and sex, do not provide the needed information on micronutrient deficiencies. Prior to engaging in expensive and invasive investigation and treatments, it is recommended that persons with intellectual disability are evaluated for potential nutritional deficiencies and rectify these with dietary adjustment and appropriate supplements. However, one-time correction is insufficient, as the fundamental root-cause will continue to maintain nutritional deficiencies. Thus, once identified and rectified, consideration should be given for modifying the root cause(s) and/or long-term replacement therapies. Common sense and holistic approaches are essential in helping adults with intellectual disability to improve their nutrition and quality of lives.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Maulik PK, Mascarenhas MN, Mathers CD, Dua T, Saxena S. Prevelance of interllectual disabilitiy: a meta-analysis of population-based studies. Res Dev Disabili. 2011;32(2):419–36.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Boyle CA, Boulet S, Schieve LA, Cohen RA, Blumberg SJ, Yeargin-Allsopp M, Visser S, Kogan MD. Trends in the prevalence of developmental disabilities in US Children, 1997–2008. Pediatrics. 2011;127:1034.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Chen J, Simeonsson RJ. Prevention of childhood disability in the People's Republic of China. Child Care Health Dev. 1993;19:71–88.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Deb S, Thomas M, Bright C. Mental disorder in adults with intellectual disability. 1: prevalence of functional psychiatric illness among a community-based population aged between 16 and 64 years. J Intellect Disabil Res. 2001;45:495–505.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Salvador-Carulla L, Garcia-Gutierrez JC, Ruiz Gutierrez-Colosia M, Artigas-Pallares J, Garcia Ibanez J, Gonzalez Perez J, Nadal Pla M, Aguilera Ines F, Isus S, Cereza JM, Poole JM, Portero Lazcano G, Monzon P, Leiva M, Parellada M, Garcia Nonell K, Hernandez L, Martinez A, Rigau E, Martinez-Leal R. Borderline intellectual functioning: consensus and good practice guidelines. Rev Psiquiatr Salud Ment. 2013;6:109–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Zablotsky B, Black LI, Blumber SJ. Stimulated prevalence of children with diagnosed developmental disabilities in the United States, 2014–2016. In NCHS Data Brief No. 291. CDC/National Center for Health Statistics, CDC; 2017.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Blackburn C, Read J, Spencer N. Children with neurodevelopmental disabilities. In: Annual report of the Chief Medical Officer, 2012; our children deserve better: prevention pays. UK: UK Government; 2013. Chapter 9; pages 1–13.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Humphries K, Traci MA, Seekins T. Nutrition and adut with interllectual or developmenetal disabilities: systematic literature reviw results. Intellect Dev Disabil. 2009;47(3):163–85.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Read MS. Malnutrition and behavior. Appl Res Ment Retard. 1982;3:279–91.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. du Plessis J, van Pelt J, Korf H, Mathieu C, van der Schueren B, Lannoo M, Oyen T, Topal B, Fetter G, Nayler S, van der Merwe T, Windmolders P, Van Gaal L, Verrijken L, Hubens G, Gericke M, Cassiman D, Francque S, Nevens F, van der Merwe S. Association of adipose tissue inflammation with histologic severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Gastroenterology. 2015;149:635–48. e14

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Wensveen FM, Valentic S, Sestan S, Wensveen T, Polic B. The “Big Bang” in obese fat: Events initiating obesity-induced adipose tissue inflammation. Eur J Immunol. 2015;45:2446–56.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Wimalawansa SJ. Associations of vitamin D with insulin resistance, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2018;175:177–89.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Bronberg RA, Alfaro EL, Bejarano IF, Dipierri JE. Prevalence of malnutrition in institutionalized intellectually disabled patients. Medicina (B Aires). 2011;71:1–8.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Colombo M, de la Parra A, Lopez I. Intellectual and physical outcome of children undernourished in early life is influenced by later environmental conditions. Dev Med Child Neurol. 1992;34:611–22.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Grantham-McGregor SM, Fernald LC. Nutritional deficiencies and subsequent effects on mental and behavioral development in children. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 1997;28(Suppl 2):50–68.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Shenkin A. Micronutrients in health and disease. Postgrad Med J. 2006;82:559–67.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Smith G, Wimalawansa SJ. Reconciling the irreconcilable: micronutrients in clinical nutrition and public health. Vitam Miner. 2015;4:1–4.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Christian P, Murray-Kolb LE, Khatry SK, Katz J, Schaefer BA, Cole PM, Leclerq SC, Tielsch JM. Prenatal micronutrient supplementation and intellectual and motor function in early school-aged children in Nepal. JAMA. 2010;304:2716–23.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Ashworth CJ, Antipatis C. Micronutrient programming of development throughout gestation. Reproduction. 2001;122:527–35.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Fenech MF. Dietary reference values of individual micronutrients and nutriomes for genome damage prevention: current status and a road map to the future. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010;91:1438S–54S.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Sobiecki JG, Appleby PN, Bradbury KD, Key TJ. High compliance with dietary recommendations in a cohort of meat eaters, fish eaters, vegetarians, and vegans: results from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Oxford study. Nutr Res. 2016;36:464–77.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Wimalawansa SJ. Vitamin D in the new millennium. Curr Osteoporos Rep. 2012a;10:4–15.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Wimalawansa SJ. Vitamin D: An essential component for skeletal health. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2012c;1240:90–8.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Wimalawansa SJ. Extra-skeletal benefits, endocrine functions, and toxicity of vitamin D. J Endocrinol Diabetes. 2016a;3:1–5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Holick MF. The vitamin D deficiency pandemic: Approaches for diagnosis, treatment and prevention. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2017;18:153–65.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Wimalawansa SJ. Vitamin D: Everything You Need to Know. Homagama: Karunaratne & Sons; 2012b. ISBN: 978-955-9098-94-2

    Google Scholar 

  27. Sinha R, Cross AJ, Graubard BI, Leitzmann MF, Schatzkin A. Meat intake and mortality: a prospective study of over half a million people. Arch Intern Med. 2009;169:562–71.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Dauchet L, Amouyel P, Hercberg S, Dallongeville J. Fruit and vegetable consumption and risk of coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis of cohort studies. J Nutr. 2006;136:2588–93.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Skeaff CM, Miller AJ. Dietary fat and coronary heart disease: summary of evidence from prospective cohort and randomised controlled trials. Ann Nutr Metab. 2009;55:173–201.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) final report. Circulation. 2002;106:3143–421.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Siri-Tarino PW, Sun Q, Hu FB, Krauss RM. Meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies evaluating the association of saturated fat with cardiovascular disease. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010;91:535–46.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Heidemann C, Schulze MB, Franco OH, van Dam RM, Mantzoros CS, Hu FB. Dietary patterns and risk of mortality from cardiovascular disease, cancer, and all causes in a prospective cohort of women. Circulation. 2008;118:230–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Masters RC, Liese AD, Haffner SM, Wagenknecht LD, Hanley AJ. Whole and refined grain intakes are related to inflammatory protein concentrations in human plasma. J Nutr. 2010;140:587–94.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Wimalawansa SJ. Visceral adiposity and cardio-metabolic risks: Epidemic of Abdominal Obesity in North America. Res Rep Endocr Disord. 2013b;3:17–30.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Egger G, Dixon J. Inflammatory effects of nutritional stimuli: further support for the need for a big picture approach to tackling obesity and chronic disease. Obes Rev. 2010;11:137–49.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Yang P, Xiao Y, Luo X, Zhao Y, Zhao L, Wang Y, Wu T, Wei L, Chen Y. Inflammatory stress promotes the development of obesity-related chronic kidney disease via CD36 in mice. J Lipid Res. 2017;58:1417–27.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Wimalawansa SJ. Food fortification programs to alleviate micronutrient deficiencies. J Food Process Technol. 2013a;4:257–67.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Cooper C, Javaid K, Westlake S, Harvey N, Dennison E. Developmental origins of osteoporotic fracture, the role of maternal vitamin D insufficiency. J Nutr. 2005;135:2728S–34S.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Buchele G, Becker C, Cameron ID, Auer R, Rothenbacher D, Konig HH, Rapp K. Fracture risk in people with developmental disabilities: results of a large claims data analysis. Osteoporos Int. 2017;28:369–75.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Burke EA, McCallion P, Carroll R, Walsh JB, McCarron M. An exploration of the bone health of older adults with an intellectual disability in Ireland. J Intellect Disabil Res. 2017;61:99–114.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Steinmetz KA, Potter JD. Vegetables, fruit, and cancer. II. Mechanisms. Cancer Causes Control. 1991;2:427–42.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Tsikritzi R, Moynihan PJ, Gosney MA, Allen VJ, Methven L. The effect of macro- and micro-nutrient fortification of biscuits on their sensory properties and on hedonic liking of older people. J Sci Food Agric. 2014;94:2040–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Fairweather-Tait SJ, Wawer AA, Gillings R, Jennings A, Myint PK. Iron status in the elderly. Mech Ageing Dev. 2014;136-137:22–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Mayne ST, Ferrucci LM, Cartmel B. Lessons learned from randomized clinical trials of micronutrient supplementation for cancer prevention. Annu Rev Nutr. 2012;32:369–90.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Kaur B, Henry J. Micronutrient status in type 2 diabetes: a review. Adv Food Nutr Res. 2014;71:55–100.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Faridi MM, Aggarwal A. Phenytoin induced vitamin D deficiency presenting as proximal muscle weakness. Indian Pediatr. 2010;47:624–5.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Mikati M, Wakim RH, Fayad M. Symptomatic antiepileptic drug associated vitamin D deficiency in noninstitutionalized patients: an under-diagnosed disorder. J Med Liban. 2003;51:71–3.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Almandil NB, Liu Y, Murray ML, Besag FM, Aitchison KJ, Wong IC. Weight gain and other metabolic adverse effects associated with atypical antipsychotic treatmentof children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Paediatr Drugs. 2013;15:13–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. Lord CC, Wyler SC, Wan R, Castorena CM, Ahmed N, Mathew D, Lee S, Liu C, Elmquist JK. The atypical antipsychotic olanzapine causes weight gain by targeting serotonin receptor 2C. J Clin Investig. 2017;127:3402–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Black MM. Micronutrient Deficiencies and Cognitive Functioning. J Nutr. 2003;133:3927S–31S.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Gladstone M, Mallewa M, Jalloh AA, Voskuijl W, Postels D, Groce N, Kerac M, Molyneux E. Assessment of neurodisability and malnutrition in children in Africa. Semin Pediatr Neurol. 2014;21:50–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Wimalawansa SJ. Vitamin D adequacy and improvements of comorbidities in persons with intellectual developmental disabilities. J Child Dev Disord. 2016b;2:22–33.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine, Cardio Metabolic Institute (hon.), North Brunswick, NJ, USA

    Sunil J. Wimalawansa

Authors
  1. Sunil J. Wimalawansa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. The Greenfields, Birmingham, UK

    Vee P. Prasher

  2. University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA

    Matthew P. Janicki

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Wimalawansa, S.J. (2019). Improving Lives Through Alleviating Malnutrition. In: Prasher, V., Janicki, M. (eds) Physical Health of Adults with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90083-4_14

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90083-4_14

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-90082-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-90083-4

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation