Abstract
Antidiscrimination law in Denmark does not consist of one single piece of legislation. It is rather a combination of many acts that have been introduced or amended when EU-legislation, public debate, or the ratification of international obligations have focused on a specific field of application or a specific group. Hence, protection against discrimination is ensured by a web of civil and criminal legislation ranging from the Constitution to specific acts covering areas inside and outside the labor market. The fact that there are different antidiscrimination laws in various areas with different levels of protection makes it a challenge to explain the legal situation. The public and the ordinary citizen therefore also have difficulties understanding the legal situation when it comes to antidiscrimination and equality.
Information in this report is largely but not exclusively taken from the Danish 2015 country report to the European Equality Law Network by Pia Justesen. See: http://www.equalitylaw.eu/country/denmark.
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Notes
- 1.
Act No. 169 of 5 June 1953.
- 2.
Consolidated Act No. 626 of 29 September 1987 with later amendments.
- 3.
Consolidated Act No. 438 of 16 May 2012 with later amendments.
- 4.
Consolidated Act No. 1349 of 16 December 2008.
- 5.
Consolidated Act No. 645 of 8 June 2011 with later amendments.
- 6.
Consolidated Act No. 899 of 5 September 2008 with later amendments.
- 7.
Consolidated Act No. 1678 of 19 December 2013.
- 8.
Warming (2015).
- 9.
Institut for Menneskerettigheder, Køn – Status 2014–2015, p. 23 ff.
- 10.
The National Integration Barometer: http://integrationsbarometer.dk/integrationsbarometer_maal?goal=5&kommunenr=0.
- 11.
Rasmussen og Johansen (2013).
- 12.
Consolidated Act No. 1255 of 16 November 2015 with later amendments.
- 13.
Consolidated Act No. 905 of 3 September 2012 with later amendments.
- 14.
Rådgivende sociologer, Unges syn på diskrimination i det københavnske natteliv – en kvalitativ og kvantitativ afdækning (2014). See http://www.dkr.dk/kamp-mod-diskrimination-nattelivet.
- 15.
Search terms: “diskrimination” (in English: discrimination) and “forskelsbehandling” (in English: differential treatment).
- 16.
Supreme Court database on rulings: http://domstol.fe1.tangora.com/New-Søgeside.31488.aspx.
- 17.
Database on selected rulings from all national courts: http://www.domstol.dk/om/Nyheder/domsresumeer/Pages/default.aspx.
- 18.
Board of Equal Treatment database on rulings: http://www.ligebehandlingsnaevnet.dk/naevnsdatabase/default.aspx.
- 19.
Statistics are found on the website of the Board of Equal Treatment: https://ast.dk/naevn/ligebehandlingsnaevnet/tal-og-statistik-fra-ligebehandlingsnaevnet.
- 20.
Consolidated Act No. 553 of 18 June 2012 with later amendments.
- 21.
Act No. 1570 of 15 December 2015.
- 22.
Consolidated Act No. 905 of 3 September 2012.
- 23.
Consolidated Act No. 905 of 3 September 2012.
- 24.
Consolidated Act No. 553 of 18 June 2012 with later amendments.
- 25.
Consolidated Act No. 266 of 21 March 2014 with later amendments.
- 26.
Section 3 of Act on Limitations (Forældelseslov), Consolidated Act No. 1063 of 28 August 2003 with later amendments.
- 27.
Board of Equal Treatment, Annual Report 2015 (November 2016), p. 19 ff.
- 28.
Politiken, Borgerlige blokerer for undercoveragenter i Københavns natteliv, 9 February 2016: http://politiken.dk/indland/ECE3057539/borgerlige-blokerer-for-undercoveragenter-i-koebenhavns-natteliv/.
- 29.
Board of Equal Treatment, Annual Report 2014 (August 2015), Introduction in English, p. 48.
- 30.
Supreme Court Ruling of 1 October 2014 in Case No. 322/2012. Printed in U2015.1H.
- 31.
Act no. 1570 of 15 December 2015 amending the Act on the Board of Equal Treatment.
- 32.
Danish Institute for Human Rights, Parallel Report on Denmark—May 2015—CERD, p. 26.
References
Rasmussen P, Johansen K (2013) Oplevet diskrimination og stigmatisering, blandt mennesker med psykisk sygdom (Experienced discrimination and stigma among individuals with mental illnesses). KORA
Warming K (2015) Oplevet diskrimination i forbindelse med graviditet og barselsorlov – En kortlægning (Experienced discrimination based on pregnancy and maternity leave—A survey). Institute for Human Rights – The National Human Rights Institution of Denmark
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Justesen, P. (2018). Denmark. In: Mercat-Bruns, M., Oppenheimer, D., Sartorius, C. (eds) Comparative Perspectives on the Enforcement and Effectiveness of Antidiscrimination Law. Ius Comparatum - Global Studies in Comparative Law, vol 28. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90068-1_10
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