Skip to main content

A Case Study in Sweden: The Need for Person-Centred Methods in the Care of Dementia Patients with Severe Aggressive Behaviour

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Personality and Brain Disorders

Part of the book series: Contemporary Clinical Neuroscience ((CCNE))

  • 954 Accesses

Abstract

This chapter focuses on giving an overview of the current care of dementia patients with very severe to extreme behavioural and psychological symptoms (BPSD), particularly aggressive behaviour. We start with an authentic case which will be the heart of this chapter. We also discuss the pharmacological treatment that is often still used, even though side effects are common and may make the symptoms of BPSD even more problematic. The chapter continues discussing person-centred methods in relation to dementia patients with very severe to extreme BPSD. We expected to find answers in the literature on how to manage severe or extreme BPSD and aggression in a person-centred way, but this proved to be difficult. As a conclusion, we offer a discussion on how future care might improve for this group of patients.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    Tom is not his real name.

References

  • Alzheimer Sverige. (2017). Alzheimer Sverige: Fakta om sjukdomarna. [Alzheimer Sweden: Facts about the disease]. Retrieved June 1, 2017, from http://www.alzheimersverige.se/fakta-om-sjukdomarna/#De%20kognitiva%20hjärnsjukdomarna

  • Alzheimer’s Disease International. (2016). World Alzheimer report 2016. London: Alzheimer’s Disease International. Retrieved June 1, 2017, from https://www.alz.co.uk/research/WorldAlzheimerReport2016.pdf

  • Ballard, C., & Corbett, A. (2010). Management of neuropsychiatric symptoms in people with dementia. CNS Drugs, 24(9), 729–739. https://doi.org/10.2165/11319240-000000000-00000

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ballard, C., Corbett, A., Chitramohan, R., & Aarsland, D. (2009). Management of agitation and aggression associated with Alzheimer’s disease: Controversies and possible solutions. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 22(6), 532–540. https://doi.org/10.1097/YCO.0b013e32833111f9

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bishara, D., Taylor, D., Howard, R. J., & Abdel-Tawab, R. (2009). Expert opinion on the management of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) and investigation into prescribing practices in the UK. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 24(9), 944–954. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.2200

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • BPSD. (2017). BPSD: Svenskt register för beteendemässiga och psykiska symptom vid demens. [BPSD: Swedish register for behavioural and psychological symptoms in dementia]. Retrieved October 24, 2017, from http://www.bpsd.se/

  • Brodaty, H., Draper, B. M., & Low, L. (2003). Behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia: A seven-tiered model of service delivery. Medical Journal of Australia, 178(5), 231–234.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brooker, D., & Latham, I. (2016). Person-centred dementia care: Making services better with the VIPS framework (2nd ed.). London, UK: Jessica Kingsley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Charmel, P. A., & Frampton, S. B. (2008). Building the business case for patient-centered care. Healthcare Financial Management, 62(3), 80–85.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Clissett, P., Porock, D., Harwood, R. H., & Gladman, J. R. F. (2013). The challenges of achieving person-centred care in acute hospitals: A qualitative study of people with dementia and their families. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 50(11), 1495–1503. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2013.03.001

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen-Mansfield, J. (2013). Nonpharmacologic treatment of behavioral disorders in dementia. Current Treatment Options in Neurology, 15(6), 765–785. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11940-013-0257-2

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Declercq, T., Petrovic, M., Azermai, M., Vander Stichele, R., De Sutter, A. I. M., van Driel, M. L., & Christiaens, T. (2013). Withdrawal versus continuation of chronic antipsychotic drugs for behavioural and psychological symptoms in older people with dementia. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2013(3): CD007726. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD007726.pub2

  • Egan, M. Y., Munroe, S., Hubert, C., Rossiter, T., Gauther, A., Eisner, M., … Rodrigue, C. (2007). Caring for residents with dementia and aggressive behavior. Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 33(2), 24–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Enmarker, I., Olsen, R., & Hellzen, O. (2011). Management of person with dementia with aggressive and violent behaviour: A systematic literature review. International Journal of Older People Nursing, 6(2), 153–162.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Feldman, H. H., Pirttila, T., Dartigues, J. F., Everitt, B., van Baelen, B., Schwalen, S., & Kavanagh, S. (2009). Treatment with galantamine and time to nursing home placement in Alzheimer's disease patients with and without cerebrovascular disease. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 24(5), 479–488. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.2141

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fratiglioni, L., Ding, M., Santoni, G., Berglund, J., Elmståhl, S., Sköldunger, A., … Wimo, A. (2017). Demensförekomst i Sverige: geografiska och tidsmässiga trender 2001–2013: Resultat från den svenska nationella studien om åldrande – SNAC. [Dementia prevalence in Sweden: Geographical and time-related trends 2001–2013: Results from the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care – SNAC]. Stockholm, Sweden: SNAC.

    Google Scholar 

  • George, J., Long, S., & Vincent, C. (2013). How can we keep patients with dementia safe in our acute hospitals? A review of challenges and solutions. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 106(9), 355–361. https://doi.org/10.1177/0141076813476497

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Harris, U., Ström, C., & Wennstig, M. (2017). Utvärdering av de psykogeriatriska avdelningarnas avveckling. [Evaluation of the discontinuation of psychogeriatric wards]. Karlskrona, Sweden: Blekinge kompetenscentrum, Landstinget Blekinge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Howard, R. J., Juszczak, E., Ballard, C. G., Bentham, P., Brown, R. G., Bullock, R., … CALM-AD Trial Group. (2007). Donepezil for the treatment of agitation in Alzheimer’s disease. New England Journal of Medicine, 357(14), 1382–1392. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa066583

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Isaksson, U., Graneheim, U. H., Richter, J., Eisemann, M., & Åström, S. (2008). Exposure to violence in relation to personality traits, coping abilities, and burnout among caregivers in nursing homes: A case-control study. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 22(4), 551–559.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kales, H. C. (2015). Common sense: Addressed to geriatric psychiatrists on the subject of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 23(12), 1209–1213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jagp.2015.10.001

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kales, H. C., Gitlin, L. N., & Lyketsos, C. G. (2015). Assessment and management of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia. BMJ, 350, h369. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.h369

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Karlsson, S., Rahm Hallberg, I., Midlöv, P., & Fagerström, C. (2017). Trends in treatment with antipsychotic medication in relation to national directives, in people with dementia – A review of the Swedish context. BMC Psychiatry, 17(1), 251. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-017-1409-9

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Kitwood, T., & Bredin, K. (1992). Towards a theory of dementia care: Personhood and well-being. Ageing and Society, 12, 269–287.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kolanowski, A., van Haitsma, K., Penrod, J., Hill, N., & Yevchak, A. (2015). “Wish we would have known that!” Communication breakdown impedes person-centered care. Gerontologist, 55(Suppl 1), S50–S60. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnv014

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kontos, P., Miller, K., Colobong, R., Palma Lazgare, L. I., Binns, M., Low, L., … Naglie, G. (2016). Elder-clowning in long-term dementia care: Results of a pilot study. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 64(2), 347–353. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.13941

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Liljegren, M., Landqvist Waldo, M., & Englund, E. (2017). Physical aggression among patients with dementia, neuropathologically confirmed post-mortem. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 33, e242. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.4777

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lockhart, I. A., Orme, M. E., & Mitchell, S. A. (2011). The efficacy of licensed-indication use of donepezil and memantine monotherapies for treating behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia in patients with Alzheimer’s disease: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra, 1(1), 212–227. https://doi.org/10.1159/000330032

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Lykkeslet, E., Gjengedal, E., Skrondal, T., & Storjord, M. (2014). Sensory stimulation – a way of creating mutual relations in dementia care. International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-Being, 9, 23888. https://doi.org/10.3402/qhw.v9.23888

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Medical Products Agency. (2008). Läkemedelsbehandling och bemötande vid beteendemässiga och psykiska symtom vid demenssjukdom – BPSD. [Drug treatment and management of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia – BPSD]. Information från Läkemedelsverket, (5), 15–24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mittal, V., Kurup, L., Williamson, D., Muralee, S., & Tampi, R. R. (2011). Risk of cerebrovascular adverse events and death in elderly patients with dementia when treated with antipsychotic medications: A literature review of evidence. American Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease & Other Dementias, 26(1), 10–28. https://doi.org/10.1177/1533317510390351

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • National Board of Health and Welfare. (2010a). Indikatorer för god läkemedelsterapi hos äldre. [Indicators for good pharmaceutical therapy in the elderly]. Stockholm, Sweden: Socialstyrelsen.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Board of Health and Welfare. (2010b). Nationella riktlinjer för vård och omsorg vid demenssjukdom 2010: Stöd för styrning och ledning. [National guidelines for dementia care 2010: support for management]. Stockholm, Sweden: Socialstyrelsen.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Board of Health and Welfare. (2013). Psykisk sjukdom bland äldre och behandling inom vården. [Mental illness among the elderly and treatment in health care]. Stockholm, Sweden: Socialstyrelsen.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Board of Health and Welfare. (2016). Nationella riktlinjer för vård och omsorg vid demenssjukdom: Stöd för styrning och ledning. [National guidelines for dementia care: support for management.] (Remissversion/Version under consideration). Stockholm, Sweden: Socialstyrelsen. Retrieved May 31, 2017, from http://www.socialstyrelsen.se/publikationer2016/2016-11-7

  • Neville, C., Henwood, T., Beattie, E., & Fielding, E. (2014). Exploring the effect of aquatic exercise on behaviour and psychological well-being in people with moderate to severe dementia: A pilot study of the water memories swimming club. Australasian Journal on Ageing, 33(2), 124–127. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajag.12076

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nilsson, A. (2013). Att vårda äldre personer med kognitiv svikt i sjukhusmiljöer: Attityder, processer, innebörder. [To care for elderly persons with cognitive impairment in hospital environments: Attitudes, processes, meanings]. Umeå, Sweden: Umeå universitet. Retrieved March 2, 2017, from http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:665844/FULLTEXT02.pdf

  • Oderda, L. H., Young, J. R., Asche, C. V., & Pepper, G. A. (2012). Psychotropic-related hip fractures: Meta-analysis of first-generation and second-generation antidepressant and antipsychotic drugs. [Fracturas de cadera relacionadas con agentes psicotropicos: Un metaanalisis de farmacos antidepresores y antipsicoticos de primera generacion y de segunda generacion]. Annals of Pharmacotherapy, 46(7–8), 917–928. https://doi.org/10.1345/aph.1Q589

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Patientlag (SFS 2014:821). Retrieved from http://www.riksdagen.se/sv/dokument-lagar/dokument/svensk-forfattningssamling/patientlag-2014821_sfs-2014-821

  • Preuss, U. W., Wong, J. W. M., & Koller, G. (2016). Treatment of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia: A systematic review. [Przeglad metod leczenia behawioralnych i psychologicznych symptomow otepienia (BPSD)]. Psychiatria Polska, 50(4), 679–715. https://doi.org/10.12740/PP/64477

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pulsford, D., & Duxbury, J. (2006). Aggressive behaviour by people with dementia in residential care settings: A review. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 13(5), 611–618. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2850.2006.00964.x

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rodda, J., Morgan, S., & Walker, Z. (2009). Are cholinesterase inhibitors effective in the management of the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia in Alzheimer’s disease? A systematic review of randomized, placebo-controlled trials of donepezil, rivastigmine and galantamine. International Psychogeriatrics, 21(5), 813–824. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1041610209990354

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rogers, C. R. (1946). Significant aspects of client-centered therapy. American Psychologist, 1(10), 415–422. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0060866

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sampson, E. L., White, N., Leurent, B., Scott, S., Lord, K., Round, J., & Jones, L. (2014). Behavioural and psychiatric symptoms in people with dementia admitted to the acute hospital: Prospective cohort study. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 205(3), 189–196. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.113.130948

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Santamäki Fischer, R. (2010). Att samla in och använda livsberättelser – teorier och metoder. In D. Edvardsson (Ed.), Personcentrerad omvårdnad i teori och praktik. [To collect and use life stories – theories and methods. In Person-centred care in theory and practice].(1st ed., pp. 39–49). Lund, Sweden: Studentlitteratur.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sink, K. M., Holden, K. F., & Yaffe, K. (2005). Pharmacological treatment of neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia: A review of the evidence. JAMA, 293(5), 596–608. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.293.5.596

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sjöström, M. (2017). Kvalitetsregister för beteendemässiga och psykiska symtom vid demenssjukdom (BPSD) – ett verktyg för personcentrerad vård. [Register of quality for behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) – a tool for person-centred care].Trollhättan, Sweden: Högskolan Väst, Institutionen för Hälsovetenskap.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spector, A., Orrell, M., & Goyder, J. (2013). A systematic review of staff training interventions to reduce the behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia. Ageing Research Reviews, 12(1), 354–364. https://doi.org/10.1016/10.1016/j.arr.2012.06.005

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sultzer, D. L. (2004). Psychosis and antipsychotic medications in Alzheimer’s disease: Clinical management and research perspectives. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, 17(1–2), 78–90. https://doi.org/10.1159/000074279

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Svansdottir, H. B., & Snaedal, J. (2006). Music therapy in moderate and severe dementia of Alzheimer’s type: A case-control study. International Psychogeriatrics, 18(4), 613–621. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1041610206003206

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thomas, K. S., Baier, R., Kosar, C., Ogarek, J., Trepman, A., & Mor, V. (2017). Individualized music program is associated with improved outcomes for U.S. nursing home residents with dementia. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, Article in Press: Corrected Proof, 25, 931. https://doi.org/10.1016/10.1016/j.jagp.2017.04.008

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vasudev, A., Shariff, S. Z., Liu, K., Burhan, A. M., Herrmann, N., Leonard, S., & Mamdani, M. (2015). Trends in psychotropic dispensing among older adults with dementia living in long-term care facilities: 2004–2013. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 23(12), 1259–1269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jagp.2015.07.001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wennstig, M., & Fagerström, C. (2017). Levnadsberättelser i Blekinges särskilda boenden för äldre. [Life stories in Blekinge’s nursing homes]. Karlskrona, Sweden: Blekinge kompetenscentrum, Landstinget Blekinge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yeh, Y., & Ouyang, W. (2012). Mood stabilizers for the treatment of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia: An update review. Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences, 28(4), 185–193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kjms.2011.10.025

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Lil Carleheden-Ottosson for proofreading the manuscript. Thanks also to Anna Lengstedt for consultancy on the pharmacological section.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ulrika Harris .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Harris, U., Jönsson, I., Fagerström, C. (2019). A Case Study in Sweden: The Need for Person-Centred Methods in the Care of Dementia Patients with Severe Aggressive Behaviour. In: Garcia, D., Archer, T., Kostrzewa, R.M. (eds) Personality and Brain Disorders. Contemporary Clinical Neuroscience. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90065-0_7

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics