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Nanooncology pp 387–415Cite as

Fullerenes for Cancer Therapy and Bioimaging

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Part of the book series: Nanomedicine and Nanotoxicology ((NANOMED))

Abstract

Chemical derivatives of fullerene and endohedral metallofullerenes (EMFs) not only keep some of the physicochemical properties of their parent molecules, but can also have water solubility and biocompatibility that are not owned by their parent molecules. These brilliant properties provide these materials potentials in biomedical applications. Here, we review the atomistic-level structural models for fullerene derivatives, and their applications as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast and cancer therapy agents. Because atomistic level structures are the base for their physicochemical properties, we first review the structural models of fullerene derivatives, which are applicable to fullerene derivatives synthesized in different conditions. Second, we review the widely explored applications of the Gd-containing EMF derivatives as the safe and efficient MRI contrast agents, thanks to their special geometries and electronic structures. Reportedly, fullerene-based materials, like Gd@C82(OH)22 nanoparticles, possess intrinsic antitumor activities. The recent advance in using fullerene derivatives for cancer therapy through different pathways, including photodynamic therapy (PDT), reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, drug delivery, adjuvant activity for cancer vaccines, and reduction of the nutrient supply to tumor cells, are further summarized. Finally, we briefly discuss the challenges and perspectives for the future biomedical applications of fullerene derivatives.

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Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21371118, 41430644).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China

    Xuejiao J. Gao, Xiaomei Shen & Xingfa Gao

  2. CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China

    Gengmei Xing

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  1. Xuejiao J. Gao
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  2. Xiaomei Shen
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  3. Gengmei Xing
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  4. Xingfa Gao
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Correspondence to Xingfa Gao .

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  1. Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Bellaterra, Spain

    Gil Gonçalves

  2. Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Bellaterra, Spain

    Gerard Tobias

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Gao, X.J., Shen, X., Xing, G., Gao, X. (2018). Fullerenes for Cancer Therapy and Bioimaging. In: Gonçalves, G., Tobias, G. (eds) Nanooncology. Nanomedicine and Nanotoxicology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89878-0_12

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