Abstract
The present study reports the preparation of activated carbons from apricot stones (an agricultural waste) by chemical activation with phosphoric acid (H3PO4) and Zinc Chloride (ZnCl2) in N2 atmosphere. The potential use of the prepared activated carbons as adsorbents and the effects of chemical activation on the surface properties and adsorptive mechanism of Aniline were investigated. The physico-chemical properties of the obtained materials were characterized by Nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms, Scanning Electron Microscope coupled to energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscope (FTIR), Boehm titration and pH of point of zero charge (pHpzc). The results show that the prepared samples present high apparent surface areas and pore volume with surface functional groups. Adsorption studies were carried out under varying conditions of contact time, initial concentration and temperature. Pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order kinetic models were applied, finding that the pseudo-second order model was the most suitable for the fitting of the experimental kinetic data. The equilibrium adsorption data were analyzed using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The equilibrium data were well fitted to the Freundlich isotherm. Based on the results, it is, therefore, suggested that the adsorption is mainly brought about by dispersive interactions between Aniline and activated carbon surface. The prepared activated carbons could be used as a low-cost alternative to commercial activated carbon for the removal of aniline from wastewater.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Pardo, B., Ferrer, N., Sempere, J., Gonzalez-Olmos, R.: A key parameter on the adsorption of diluted aniline solutions with activated carbons: the surface oxygen content. Chemosphere 162(Suppl. C), 181–188 (2016)
Chen, W., Zhang, L., Li, X., Ye, R., Li, Q., Zhu, J., Fang, N., Wang, L., Wu, Z., Horwath, W.R.: Elevated ozone increases nitrifying and denitrifying enzyme activities in the rhizosphere of wheat after 5 years of fumigation. Plant Soil 392(1), 279–288 (2015)
Xiao, W., Zhou, P., Mao, X., Wang, D.: Ultrahigh aniline-removal capacity of hierarchically structured layered manganese oxides: trapping aniline between interlayers. J. Mater. Chem. A 3(16), 8676–8682 (2015)
Brunauer, S., Emmett, P.H., Teller, E.: Adsorption of gases in multimolecular layers. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 60(2), 309–319 (1938)
Boehm, H.P.: Some aspects of the surface chemistry of carbon blacks and other carbons. Carbon 32(5), 759–769 (1994)
Franz, M., Arafat, H.A., Pinto, N.G.: Effect of chemical surface heterogeneity on the adsorption mechanism of dissolved aromatics on activated carbon. Carbon 38(13), 1807–1819 (2000)
Bouras, H.D., Benturki, O., Bouras, N., Attou, M., Donnot, A., Merlin, A., Addoun, F., Holtz, M.D.: The use of an agricultural waste material from Ziziphus jujuba as a novel adsorbent for humic acid removal from aqueous solutions. Journal of Molecular Liquids 211(Suppl. C), 1039–1046 (2015)
Wang, X., Zhu, N., Yin, B.: Preparation of sludge-based activated carbon and its application in dye wastewater treatment. J. Hazard. Mater. 153(1–2), 22–27 (2008)
Budinova, T., Ekinci, E., Yardim, F., Grimm, A., Björnbom, E., Minkova, V., Goranova, M.: Characterization and application of activated carbon produced by H3PO4 and water vapor activation. Fuel Process. Technol. 87(10), 899–905 (2006)
Kayranli, B.: Adsorption of textile dyes onto iron based waterworks sludge from aqueous solution; isotherm, kinetic and thermodynamic study. Chem. Eng. J. 173(3), 782–791 (2011)
Chu, S.Y., Xiao, J.B., Tian, G.M., Wong, M.H.: Preparation and characterization of activated carbon from aquatic macrophyte debris and its ability to adsorb anthraquinone dyes. J. Ind. Eng. Chem. 20(5), 3461–3466 (2014)
Daoud, M., Benturki, O., Kecira, Z., Girods, P., Donnot, A.: Removal of reactive dye (BEZAKTIV Red S-MAX) from aqueous solution by adsorption onto activated carbons prepared from date palm rachis and jujube stones. Journal of Molecular Liquids 243(Suppl. C), 799–809 (2017)
Lagergren, S.Y.: Zur Theorie der sogenannten Adsorption gelöster Stoffe (1898)
Tütem, E., Apak, R., Ünal, Ç.F.: Adsorptive removal of chlorophenols from water by bituminous shale. Water Res. 32(8), 2315–2324 (1998)
Vinod, V.P., Anirudhan, T.S.: Adsorption behaviour of basic dyes on the humic acid immobilized pillared clay. Water Air Soil Pollut. 150(1), 193–217 (2003)
Ma, J., Huang, D., Zou, J., Li, L., Kong, Y., Komarneni, S.: Adsorption of methylene blue and Orange II pollutants on activated carbon prepared from banana peel. J. Porous Mater. 22(2), 301–311 (2015)
Weber Jr., W.J., Morris, J.C.: Kinetics of adsorption on carbon from solution. J. Sanitary Eng. Div. Proc. Am. So. Civil Eng. 89, 31–60 (1963)
Sun, Y., Yue, Q., Gao, B., Li, Q., Huang, L., Yao, F., Xu, X.: Preparation of activated carbon derived from cotton linter fibers by fused NaOH activation and its application for oxytetracycline (OTC) adsorption. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 368(1), 521–527 (2012)
Jadhav, A.J., Srivastava, V.C.: Adsorbed solution theory based modeling of binary adsorption of nitrobenzene, aniline and phenol onto granulated activated carbon. Chem. Eng. J. 229, 450–459 (2013)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Kecira, Z., Benturki, A., Daoud, M., Benturki, O. (2018). Effect of Chemical Activation on the Surface Properties of Apricot Stones Based Activated Carbons and Its Adsorptive Properties Toward Aniline. In: Abdelbaki, B., Safi, B., Saidi, M. (eds) Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Materials and Sustainable Development. SMSD 2017. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89707-3_27
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89707-3_27
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-89706-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-89707-3
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)