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Trace, Rare-Earth Elements and C, O Isotope Systematics of Carbonate Rocks of Proterozoic Bhima Group, Eastern Dharwar Craton, India: Implications for the Source of Dissolved Components, Redox Condition and Biogeochemical Cycling of Mesoproterozoic Ocean

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Geological Evolution of the Precambrian Indian Shield

Part of the book series: Society of Earth Scientists Series ((SESS))

Abstract

The Bhima basin is one of a series of Proterozoic basins that overlie the Archean Dharwar craton of South India. In the present study, we have systematically sampled the carbonate rocks from three stratigraphic horizons of Bhima Group and conducted geochemical and C–O isotopic studies in order to understand the source of dissolved components, redox condition and biogeochemical cycling of Mesoproterozoic Ocean. The presence of original microbial texture and Proterozoic marine like δ18O values (−6.38 to −7.17‰) indicate minimum diagenetic alteration. The carbonates have coherent REE + Y patterns and share the essential shale-normalised characteristics of well oxygenated, shallow ambient seawater, such as, (1) uniform heavy REE enrichment (Nd/YbSN = 0.43 ± 0.06), (2) consistent negative Ce anomalies (Ce/Ce* = 0.60 ± 0.05) and (3) superchondritic Y/Ho ratios (38.07 ± 3.17). The detailed geochemical modeling suggests (1) little influence (<1%) of clastic material on REY systematics, (2) significant contribution (~>10%) of river/estuarine run-off to the ambient sea water and possibly minor input from oceanic hydrothermal sources. High positive values of δ13C (3.8‰) in the basal Shahabad carbonates indicate burial of a large mass-fraction of isotopically light organic carbon. The gradual up-section decrease to ~1‰ δ13C suggest transgression and mixing of isotopically heavy coastal water (~4‰) with global Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC) reservoir (~0‰). The short term negative δ13C excursion of magnitude ~5‰ at the base is consistent with upwelling of Oxygen Minimum Zone during the transgression event. The wide variability of δ13C (5.15‰, −1.37 to +3.81‰ PDB) in carbonates indicate greater sensitivity of C-isotope system as a consequence of lower buffering capacity and shrinking size of DIC reservoir, which would indicate increased surface oxidation and release of oxygen to the atmosphere.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the authorities of Pondicherry University for extending the IRMS facility and XRD laboratory facility at the Department of Earth sciences, Pondicherry University. We also thank director, CSIR-National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad, for allowing trace and rare earth element analysis at ICP-MS Laboratory, NGRI. An earlier version of the manuscript has been greatly improved by the suggestion and comments from the editor M. E. A. Mondal, reviewer John S. Armstrong-Altrin and one anonymous reviewer, for which the authors are extremely grateful. The work was supported with financial grant (SB/S4/ES-662/2013) from the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India, awarded to NA.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Earth Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605014, India

    Nurul Absar, Mohd Qaim Raza, Sminto Augustine, Shreyas Managave & S. Balakrishnan

  2. CSIR-National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad, 500606, India

    D. Srinivasa Sarma

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  1. Nurul Absar
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  2. Mohd Qaim Raza
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  3. Sminto Augustine
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  4. Shreyas Managave
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  6. S. Balakrishnan
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Correspondence to Nurul Absar .

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  1. Department of Geology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India

    M.E.A. Mondal

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Absar, N., Raza, M.Q., Augustine, S., Managave, S., Srinivasa Sarma, D., Balakrishnan, S. (2019). Trace, Rare-Earth Elements and C, O Isotope Systematics of Carbonate Rocks of Proterozoic Bhima Group, Eastern Dharwar Craton, India: Implications for the Source of Dissolved Components, Redox Condition and Biogeochemical Cycling of Mesoproterozoic Ocean. In: Mondal, M. (eds) Geological Evolution of the Precambrian Indian Shield. Society of Earth Scientists Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89698-4_13

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