Abstract
While land use change in Brazil is characterized by strong cropland expansion, the federal state of Rio de Janeiro, located in Southeast Brazil, shows an opposite trend: a significant amount of cropland has been abandoned. The temporal and spatial distribution of farmland abandonment in Rio de Janeiro state was analyzed at the municipal level from 1991 to 2013. Developments differ strongly between the different regions. The Norte Fluminense Region, which holds the highest share of cropping area in the state, showed the highest cropland abandonment. This decrease was mainly due to a reduction of the areas used for the cultivation of banana, maize, and sugarcane. In the Baixadas and Metropolitan regions, the reduction of areas for orange plantations played an important role, while the reduction of areas for coffee production was important for mountainous areas. Another transition seems to be the substitution of sugarcane cultivation with pineapple cultivation. Areas for coconut crop production increased mainly in the Quissamã municipality. Areas for manioc crop production remained stable throughout the analysis. The patterns identified in this paper will provide an important background for the policymakers in implementing spatially explicit plans for the agricultural sector.
Resumo (Português) Padrões Espaciais do Abandono de Terras Agrícolas do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
Abandono de terras agrícolas é o termo utilizado quando uma atividade de cultivo é terminada, dando lugar a atividades de pastagem ou à sucessão florestal. O Estado do Rio de Janeiro, localizado no Sudeste Brasileiro, vem apresentando uma redução significativa de suas áreas agrícolas, diferenciando-o da tendência nacional de expansão agrícola. Esse comportamento sugere que um processo de abandono de terras agrícolas esteja acontecendo no Estado. Para analisar esta problemática, foram utilizados dados da Produção Agrícola Municipal, sob responsabilidade do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Os resultados mostram que o Norte Fluminense apresenta uma redução significativa, impulsionada principalmente pelo declínio da cana-de-açúcar, milho e banana. Laranja e café também contribuíram para redução geral no Estado. A primeira sendo mais evidente na Região das Baixadas e Metropolitana, e a segunda nas áreas montanhosas do Estado. Um aumento das áreas de abacaxi aconteceu de forma simultânea à retirada da cana-de-açúcar no Norte Fluminense. Esse resultado sugere que uma substituição de cultivos também vem acontecendo na região. Áreas de produção de coco-da-baía também cresceram, impulsionadas principalmente pelo munícipio de Quissamã. A produção de mandioca se manteve estável. Este estudo fornece dados importantes para a tomada de decisão através da identificação das áreas em que o abandono de terras agrícolas foi mais crítico e quais foram as culturas mais afetadas.
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Castro, P., Pedroso, R., Lautenbach, S., Baez Villanueva, O.M., Vicens, R. (2019). Spatial Patterns of Farmland Abandonment in Rio de Janeiro State. In: Nehren, U., Schlϋter, S., Raedig, C., Sattler, D., Hissa, H. (eds) Strategies and Tools for a Sustainable Rural Rio de Janeiro. Springer Series on Environmental Management. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89644-1_6
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