Abstract
In the mountain ranges (Região Serrana) of the Rio de Janeiro state (RJ), natural hazards such as landslides, mudslides, and flooding are recurrent, causing considerable human and economic losses. These events are of natural origin, but landscape degradation contributes significantly to increased disaster risk. Extreme climatic events that triggered past disasters are predicted to increase in frequency and intensity in the future. The approaches of ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) and ecosystem-based disaster risk reduction (Eco-DRR) aim at the sustainable management, conservation, and restoration of ecosystems to cope with the adverse effects of climate change and reduce the impacts of natural hazards. In this context, this chapter provides a comprehensive overview of climate change adaptation (CCA) and disaster risk reduction (DRR) policies at national and state level, before analyzing the linkages between CCA/DRR and biodiversity and ecosystem management. Finally, EbA/Eco-DRR measures that are currently planned or have already been implemented are presented, and the further potential and limitations of EbA/Eco-DRR in RJ are discussed.
Resumo (Português) Abordagens Ecossistêmicas Para a Redução de Risco de Desastres e Adaptação às Mudanças Climáticas no Estado Do Rio de Janeiro
Na Região Serrana do estado do Rio de Janeiro, os riscos naturais, tais como deslizamentos de terra e inundações são recorrentes, ocasionando consideráveis perdas humanas e econômicas. Esses eventos são de origem natural, mas a degradação da paisagem contribui significativamente para aumentar o risco de desastres. A previsão é que os eventos climáticos extremos que provocaram desastres passados aumentarão em número e intensidade no futuro. As abordagens da adaptação baseada nos ecossistemas (EbA na sigla inglesa) e a redução do risco de desastres baseada em ecossistemas (Eco-DRR na sigla inglesa) visam a gestão sustentável, a conservação e a restauração de ecossistemas para enfrentar os efeitos adversos das mudanças climáticas e reduzir os impactos dos riscos naturais. Neste contexto, este capítulo fornece uma visão abrangente das políticas de adaptação às mudanças climáticas (CCA na sigla inglesa) e redução de risco de desastres (DRR na sigla inglesa) a nível nacional e estadual, como base para analisar os vínculos entre CCA/DRR, biodiversidade e gestão de ecossistemas. Finalmente, algumas medidas exemplares de EbA/Eco-DRR que estão atualmente planejadas ou já foram implementadas são apresentadas a fim de concluir sobre potenciais e limitações adicionais.
Resumen (Español) Enfoques Ecosistémicos Para la Reducción de Riesgo de Desastres Y Adaptación al Cambio Climático en el Estado de Río de Janeiro
En la region serrana del estado de Río de Janeiro, los riesgos naturales como deslizamientos de tierra, deslaves e inundaciones son recurrentes y ocasionan considerables pérdidas humanas y económicas. Si bien estos fenómenos son de origen natural, la degradación del paisaje contribuye significativamente a aumentar el riesgo de desastres. Se estima que los mismos eventos climáticos extremos que provocaron desastres en el pasado, aumentarán en número e intensidad en el futuro. Los enfoques de adaptación (EbA por sus siglas en inglés) y de reducción del riesgo de desastres (Eco-DRR por sus siglas en inglés) basados en los ecosistemas, tienen como objeto el manejo sostenible, la conservación y la restauración de los ecosistemas para hacer frente a los efectos adversos del cambio climático y reducir los impactos de los riesgos naturales. En este contexto, el presente capítulo busca proporcionar una vision comprensiva e integral de las políticas de adaptación al cambio climático (CCA por sus siglas en inglés) y de reducción del riesgo de desastres (DRR por sus siglas en inglés) existentes a nivel nacional y estatal, como base para analizar los vínculos entre CCA/DRR, biodiversidad y el manejo de ecosistemas. Finalmente, seÿpresentan algunas medidas de EbA/Eco-DRR implementadas o en fase de planeación, su potencial y las limitaciones adicionales que conlleva el caso particular del estado de Río de Janeiro.
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Lange, W., Sandholz, S., Viezzer, J., Becher, M., Nehren, U. (2019). Ecosystem-Based Approaches for Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation in Rio de Janeiro State. In: Nehren, U., Schlϋter, S., Raedig, C., Sattler, D., Hissa, H. (eds) Strategies and Tools for a Sustainable Rural Rio de Janeiro. Springer Series on Environmental Management. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89644-1_22
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