Abstract
Business Improvement Districts (BIDs) in north-America were used during the last two decades as instruments capable of making communities more attractive for residents and visitors. The purpose of this chapter is to discuss the application of this revitalization mechanism in downtown Stockton (California). The argument is that BIDs can provide an answer to many of the livability problems faced by city centers (Balsas, Planning Practice and Research 19(1):101–110, 2004). The key finding is that the proactive implementation of this urban revitalization mechanism can increase the livability of communities and their economic development opportunities in part because of its entrepreneurial perspective. The chapter closes with a series of recommendations for the successful implementation of an entrepreneurial urban revitalization strategy.
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Acknowledgement
This chapter revises and references more generously material from two previously published pieces: Balsas, C. (2004). BIDs as Instruments of City Center Revitalization. APA Economic Development Newsletter, vol. Winter, pp. 7–12, and Balsas, C. (2006). Commercial urbanism in Portugal, evolution and future perspectives (pp. 357–369), In D. Feehan & M. Feit (Eds.), Making Business Districts Work. New York: The Haworth Press. The author is very grateful to the original publishers.
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Balsas, C.J.L. (2018). Entrepreneurial Urban Revitalization. In: Cubico, S., Favretto, G., Leitão, J., Cantner, U. (eds) Entrepreneurship and the Industry Life Cycle. Studies on Entrepreneurship, Structural Change and Industrial Dynamics. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89336-5_15
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