Skip to main content

Microcredit, Child Education, and Health Outcomes: A Case Study from Ghana

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Financing Sustainable Development in Africa

Abstract

As an alternative to traditional banking, microfinance has been proved as a tool for reducing poverty and enhancing the livelihoods of its beneficiaries. The key objective of providing microcredit to poor households and low-income groups in society is to enable them to engage in productive activities that will generate some income to cater for their households of which children constitute an important segment. We adopt the treatment effect model on a sample of 500 small business operators from two Districts in the Western and Central Regions of Ghana, to estimate the effect of parental borrowing of microcredit on education and health outcomes of children. Our result suggests that clients’ children are regular in school and healthier than those of non-clients. The study recommends that microfinance institutions should integrate child education and health products into the traditional microfinance programmes. These products should target low-income households to promote their human capital development needs.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Adjei, J. K. (2010). Microfinance and Poverty Reduction: The Experience of Ghana. Accra: Bold Communications Limited.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alderman, H. (1990). The Returns to Endogenous Human Capital in Pakistan’s Rural Wage Labour Market. Oxford Bulletin of Economic Statistics, 58(1), 229–254.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alderman, H., & Christiansen, L. (2004). Child Malnutrition in Ethiopia: Can Maternal Knowledge Augment the Role of Income? Economic Development on Cultural Change, 52(2), 278–312.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barnes, C., Keogh, E., & Nemarundwe, N. (2001). Microfinance Program Clients and Impact: An Assessment of Zambuko Trust Zimbabwe. Washington, DC: Assessing the Impact of Microenterprise Services (AIMS).

    Google Scholar 

  • Becker, G. (1993). Human Capital: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis, with Special Reference to Education. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Brannen, C. (2010). An Impact Study of the Village Savings and Loan Association (VSLA) Program in Zanzibar, Tanzania. BA dissertation, Wesleyan University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Calderon, L. M., Garrido, R. S., & Navarro, D. J. (2008). Estudio piloto d’evaluacion d’impacto del programa de microcreditos de Cruz Roja Espanola en Ruanda. Revista de Economia Mundial, 19, 83–104.

    Google Scholar 

  • Checchi, C. (2005). The Economics of Education. New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chowdhury, J. H. (2001). Reintegration of Internally Displaced People: The Need for Microcredit. In F. Hossain & Z. Rahman (Eds.), Microfinance and Poverty: Contemporary Perspectives (pp. 69–85).

    Google Scholar 

  • Deloach, S. B., & Lamanna, E. (2011). Measuring the Impact of Microfinance on Child Health Outcomes in Indonesia. World Development, 39(10), 1808–1819.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Diamond, D. W. (1989). Reputation Acquisition in Debt Markets. Journal of Political Economy, 97, 828–862.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Doocy, S., Teffera, S., Norell, D., & Burnham, G. (2005). Credit Program Outcomes: Coping Capacity and Nutritional Status in the Food Insecure Context of Ethiopia. Social Science and Medicine, 60(10), 2371–2382.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Duflo, E., Glennerster, R., & Kinnan, C. G. (2013). The Miracle of Microfinance? Evidence from a Randomized Evaluation (No. w18950). National Bureau of Economic Research.

    Google Scholar 

  • Efron, B., & Tibshirani, R. J. (1993). An Introduction to the Bootstrap. New York: Chapman & Hall.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Evans, T. G. (1999). Demystifying Nonparticipation in Microcredit: A Population-Based Analysis. World Development, 27, 419–430.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Galor, O., & Weil, D. N. (2000). Population, Technology and Growth: From Malthusian Regime to the Demographic Transition. American Economic Review, 110, 806–828.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ghana Statistical Service. (2014). Ghana Living Standard Survey (Round Six). Accra: GSS.

    Google Scholar 

  • Guha-Khasnobis, B., & Hazarika, G. (2007). Household Access to Microcredit and Children’s Food Security in Rural Malawi: A Gender Perspective Research Paper. UNU-WIDER, United Nations University (UNU).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hazarika, G., & Sarangi, S. (2008). Household Access to Microcredit and Child Work in Rural Malawi. World Development, 36(5), 843–859.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hennink, M., & McFarland, D. A. (2013). A Delicate Web: Household Changes in Health Behaviour Enabled by Microcredit in Burkina Faso. Global Public Health, 8(2), 144–158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17441692.2012.762032.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hulme, D., & Mosley, P. (1996). Finance Against Poverty. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Islam, A. (2007). Who Benefits from Microfinance? The Impact Evaluation of Large Scale Programs in Bangladesh (Working Paper). Department of Economics, Monash University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Islam, A., & Maitra, P. (2012). Health Shocks and Consumption Smoothing in Rural Households: Does Microcredit Have a Role to Play? Journal of Development Economics, 97(2), 232–243.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ISSER. (2010). The State of the Ghanaian Economy. Accra: University of Ghana.

    Google Scholar 

  • Karlan, D., & Zinman, J. (2010). Expanding Microenterprise Credit Access: Using Randomized Supply Decisions to Estimate the Impacts in Manila (Innovations for Poverty Action Working Paper).

    Google Scholar 

  • Khandker, S. R. (1996). Micro-finance and Poverty: Evidence Using Panel Data from Bangladesh. World Bank Economic Review, 19, 263–286.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Khandker, S., Samad, H., & Khan, Z. (1998). Income and Employment Effects of Micro-credit Programmes: Village-Level Evidence from Bangladesh. Journal of Development Studies, 35(2), 96–124.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lynch, J., Smith, G. D., Kaplan, G., & House, J. (2000). Income Inequality and Mortality: Importance to Health of Individual Income, Psychosocial Environment, or Material Conditions. British Medical Journal, 320, 1200–1204.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maldonado, J. H., & González-Vega, C. (2008). Impact of Microfinance on Schooling: Evidence from Poor Rural Households in Bolivia. World Development, 36(11), 2440–2455.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mayer, S. (1997). What Money Can’t Buy: Family Income and Children’s Life Chances. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mayer, S. E. (2002). The Influence of Parental Income on Children’s Outcomes. Knowledge Management Group.

    Google Scholar 

  • MicroSave. (2011). Report on Deposit Assessment in Nepal and Sri-Lanka, International Finance Cooperation. Washington, DC: World Bank Group.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, J., & Rodgers, Y. (2009). Mother’s Education and Children’s Nutritional Status: New Evidence from Cambodia. Asian Development Review, 26(1), 131–165.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ministry of Education. (2016). Education Sector Performance Report 2016. Accra: Ministry of Education.

    Google Scholar 

  • MkNelly, B., & Dunford, C. (1998). Impact of Credit with Education on Mothers and Their Young Children’s Nutrition: Lower Pra Rural Bank Credit Program with Education in Ghana (Freedom from Hunger Research Paper No. 4). Davis, CA: Freedom from Hunger.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moseson, H., Hamad, R., & Fernald, L. (2014). Microcredit Participation and Child Health: Results from a Cross-Sectional Study in Peru. Journal of Epidemiol Community Health, 68(12), 1175–1181.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nanor, M. A. (2008). Microfinance and Its Impact on Selected Districts in Eastern Region of Ghana. Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, College of Art and Social Sciences, Kumasi.

    Google Scholar 

  • Owusu, W. B., Lartey, A., de Onis, M., Onyango, A. W., & Frongillo, E. A. (2004). Factors Associated with Unconstrained Growth Among Affluent Ghanaian Children. Acta Paediatrica, 93, 1115–1119.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pitt, M. M., & Khandker, S. R. (1996). The Impact of Group-Based Credit Programs on Poor Households in Bangladesh: Does the Gender of Participants Matter? Journal of Political Economy, 106(5), 958–996.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pitt, M. M., Khandker, S. R., Choudhury, O. H., & Millimet, D. L. (2003). Credit Programs for the Poor and the Health Status of Children in Rural Bangladesh. International Economic Review, 44, 87–118.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ramaswamy, R., Mirochna, M., & Perlmuter, L. C. (2010). The Negative Association of BMI with Classroom Effort in Elementary School Children. Journal of Child Health Care, 14(2), 161–169.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rooyen, C. V., Stewart, R., & de Wet, T. (2012). The Impact of Microfinance in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review of the Evidence. World Development, 40(11), 2249–2262.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shimamura, Y., & Lastarria-Cornhiel, S. (2009). Credit Program Participation and Child Schooling in Rural Malawi. World Development, 38(4), 567–580.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Simanowitz, A., & Walter, A. (2002). Ensuring Impact: Reaching the Poorest While Building Financially Self-Sufficient Institutions, and Showing Improvement in the Lives of the Poorest Women and Their Families. Unpublished Background Paper for the Microcredit Summit +5, New York, November 10–13. Available at: http://www.microcreditsummit.org/papers/papers.htm.

  • Strauss, J., & Duncan, T. (1996). Human Resources: Empirical Modelling of Household and Family Decisions. In J. Behrman & T. N. Srinivasan (Eds.), Handbook of Development Economics (Vol. 3). New York: North-Holland.

    Google Scholar 

  • Valdivia, M. (2004). Poverty, Health Infrastructure and the Nutrition of Peruvian Children (Research Network Working Paper No. R-498). Inter-American Development Bank.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weiss, J., & Montgomery, H. (2005). Great Expectations: Microfinance and Poverty Reduction in Asia and Latin America. Oxford Development Studies, 33(3–4), 391–416.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • You, J., & Annim, S. K. (2013). The Impact of Microcredit on Child Education: Quasi-Experimental Evidence from Rural (China BWPI Working Paper No. 183).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Peprah, J.A. (2018). Microcredit, Child Education, and Health Outcomes: A Case Study from Ghana. In: Efobi, U., Asongu, S. (eds) Financing Sustainable Development in Africa. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78843-2_13

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78843-2_13

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-78842-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-78843-2

  • eBook Packages: Economics and FinanceEconomics and Finance (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics